Central Nervous System of the Human Beings (UPCAT)

Broca's area is the part of the brain which is on the front-left side of the cortex of the brain and is responsible for not only speech production, but also language comprehension and language compression. It also controls facial neurons.

A marker of SLE, but also found in many other diseases; their presence in a patient suspected of having cerebral lupus indicates that dsDNA binding antibodies and ENA antibodies must be measured. These will be present in SLE, including cerebral SLE.

It is correct as the more dense the gray matter is in a particular region of the brain, the more intelligence is found in the person. Thus, people with unusually high levels of intelligence and unique skills possess notably high levels of gray matter.

The brains of fish do not have a hippocampus region. The hippocampus is a part of the brain that is involved in memory forming, organising and storing.

This is used for both pernicious anaemia and sub-acute combined degeneration of the cord, both due to deficiencies of vitamin B12.

The cerebral cortex is a part of the brain that functions to make human beings unique and distinct. Distinctly, human traits encompassing higher thought, language and human consciousness as well as the ability to think, reason and imagine all originate in the cerebral cortex.

Functions of the occipital lobe encompass visual reception, visual spatial processing, movement and colour identification. Thus, the disorders of the occipital lobe cause visual illusions in an individual.

Agnosia is characterised by the inability to recognise and interpret objects in the visual field. Treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive based on cues of touch.

The pons is a section of the brain lying above the medulla oblongata. It plays an important role in arousal, sleep, carrying sensory information between cerebrum and cerebellum, and helping in control of autonomic functions.

ACTH is secreted from the anterior pituitary in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is secreted in response to many types of stress, which makes sense in view of the stress management functions of glucocorticoids.

The pons is the centre for the control of vital processes, including respiration and cardiovascular functions. It also controls the coordination of eye movements and balance.

It is the extensive outer layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres, largely responsible for problem solving, emotional response, language, all types of memory, speech and processing of complex sensory data such as vision and sound. Thus, Amit must have hurt his cerebral cortex .

Aphasia is a disorder characterised by either partial or total loss of the ability to communicate verbally and even using written words.

Amygdala is a limbic structure involved in many brain functions like emotion, learning and memory. It is part of a system that processes reflexive emotions like fear and anxiety. Thus, in the situation described above, amygdala is responsible for Mr. Khanna's reaction.

Split-brain surgery is a medical procedure that involves the severing of the corpus callosum, conjoining the two hemispheres of the brain, to cure epilepsy. It does not involve the removal of any brain tissue.

The hippocampus lies inside the medial temporal lobe of the brain. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important role in long term memory and spatial navigation. It acts as a switching station between short term memory and long term memory.

The principal pathway of the hypothalamus in the central autonomic network is the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus. It is a bundle of thin, poorly myelinated nerve fibers reciprocally connecting the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus with ventral parts of the central gray substance of the midbrain.

The postcommissural branch of the fornix conjoins the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus.

When the stress subsides, the parasympathetic nervous system of the body produces opposite effects of sympathetic nervous system. It conserves energy as it calms an individual by decreasing heartbeat, lowering blood sugar and so forth.

The orbital frontal cortex regulates social behaviour of an organism. People with orbital frontal lesions can become emotionally labile.