Indian National Movement - 2 (Gen. Studies)

 A is correct. Cripps came in 1942 with his proposals but it was because there was a Japanese threat to invade India after Japan captured Singapore in 1942. there was no German threat to invade Britain. so R is wrong. hence option 3 is the correct answer

The Lahore Session of INC in December 1929, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, passed the Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence) resolution. This session marked a fundamental shift from the earlier demand of Dominion Status to complete independence from British rule. Madras, Bombay, and Karachi hosted other significant INC sessions but not this historic declaration.

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on March 5, 1931, marking a temporary truce between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin. The Civil Disobedience Movement was suspended in return for political prisoners' release and salt monopoly relaxation. This agreement allowed Gandhi to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London.

The Labour Kisan Party of India was founded in 1923 by Singaravelu Chettiar, a prominent trade unionist and communist leader from Madras. The party aimed to organize workers and peasants, advocating for their rights and representing labor interests during the early communist movement in India.

They were involved in Kanpur conspiracy case.

  Option 2 is the correct answer.

By August 15, 1947, most princely states had acceded to India or Pakistan, but three major states remained undecided: Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh. Each posed unique integration challenges for the new government.

Clement Richard Attlee (January 3, 1883 – October 8, 1967) was a British Labour politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and he was the Prime Minister of Britain when India got independence.

The All India Trade Union Congress came into being in 1920 as the foremost representative of the labour movement in India. The one of the founder of The All India Trade Union Congress was N.M.Joshi. 

The Nehru Report (1928) drafted by a committee led by Motilal Nehru advocated: I) Dominion status for India (not complete independence initially), II) Universal adult suffrage, III) Secularism - dissociation of state from religion, and IV) No reserved seats for any group (rejecting separate electorates). It did not advocate complete independence (Purna Swaraj) which younger leaders like Nehru and Subhas Bose wanted. The report included I, II, and III, making option B correct.

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and initially attracted lawyers, teachers, journalists, and other educated professionals. This middle class leadership dominated the early moderate phase of the Congress, focusing on constitutional reforms within the British system. Peasants, workers, and landlords became more prominent in later movements.

The Bengali weekly published by Raja Mohan Roy was Sambad Kaumudi.

Madan Lal Dhingra assassinated Sir William Curzon Wyllie in London in 1907. This act of political revenge was in response to the execution of Indian revolutionaries and the suppression of freedom movements. Dhingra's martyrdom inspired many revolutionaries and marked the internationalization of India's struggle.

The Secretary of State for India or India Secretary was the British Cabinet minister responsible for the Government of India, Burma and Aden, and the political head of the Indian Office. The post was created in 1858 when the East India Company's rule in India ended and British India was brought under the direct administration of the government in London, beginning a period that is often called the British Raj. 

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place during the Viceroyalty of Lord Chelmsford.

The first Subsidiary Alliance Treaty was signed in 1798 between Lord Wellesley and Nizam Ali Khan (Asaf Jah II), the ruler of Hyderabad. This treaty required the Nizam to maintain British troops and disband his own army, effectively making Hyderabad a British protectorate. Sikandar Jah ruled later (1803-1829), while Muzzafar Jang and Salabath Jang were from different periods.

Lord Hardinge's tenure was a memorable one, seeing the visit of King George V and the Delhi Durbar of 1911, as well as the move of the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi in 1912.

Lord Macartney was the British Governor of Madras who concluded the Treaty of Mangalore with Tipu Sultan.

Correct answer is (3). 

Dadabhai Naoroji is known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader. His book 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India' brought attention to the drainage of India's wealth into Britain.

Accessibility to education is one of the main advantages to present day education. In the past, education was only for the wealthy. The poor were not given an opportunity to improve their lot in life. Females were also denied an education by virtue of the fact they would get married and so, an education would be wasted on females. 

The British East India Company established its earliest trading post at Surat in 1612-13, followed by Madras (Chennai) in 1639. Bombay came next in 1661-1668 when it was acquired from the Portuguese as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry, and finally Calcutta in 1690. This chronology reflects the Company's gradual expansion from western to eastern India over nearly a century.

The Kuka movement was organized in Punjab during the late 19th century as a religious and political uprising against British rule. Led by figures like Baba Ram Singh, it sought to restore Sikh sovereignty and purify Sikh religious practices. The movement gained particular strength in the Sikh holy city of Amritsar and surrounding regions.

Calcutta University in India was the first to be established by the British on 24^th January, 1857.

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach India by sea route when Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498. They established trading centers at Cochin, Goa, and other locations. The Dutch arrived in 1605, followed by the British in 1613, and the French in 1666, making them subsequent entrants.

After the Swarajists entered the Central Legislative Assembly, support for forming a common front came from diverse leaders including M.M. Malviya (Hindu Mahasabha), Gandhi ji (Congress), and M.A. Jinnah (Muslim League). Despite their ideological differences, they saw value in united legislative action against colonial policies on specific issues.

S. Satyamurti was the key figure who established the Madras Province Swarajya Party in 1923. He was a prominent lawyer and freedom fighter from Tamil Nadu who played a crucial role in organizing the Swaraj Party in the Madras Presidency. C. Rajagopalachari was actually opposed to the council entry program, while N.M. Kelkar and G.V. Agarkar were associated with other provinces.

The 1857 revolt began on March 29, 1857, at Barrackpore when Mangal Pandey revolted. However, Berhampur (in Bengal) witnessed the very first sparks in late February 1857 when the 19th Native Infantry refused to use the new Enfield cartridges, even before Mangal Pandey's famous rebellion. This makes Berhampur the earliest site of unrest, though Barrackpore is more famous as the starting point.

General Bakht Khan, a veteran of the Anglo-Afghan Wars, led the rebel forces in Delhi during the 1857 revolt. He brought soldiers from Bareilly and became the commander-in-chief of the rebel army in Delhi after arriving there in July 1857. Lucknow had Begum Hazrat Mahal, Kanpur had Nana Saheb, and Bareilly had Khan Bahadur Khan.