Indian National Movement (Gen. Studies)

The Quit India Movement had limited impact in Punjab and NWFP due to Muslim League's separate agenda, and was relatively weaker in Madras Presidency and Kerala compared to strongholds like Maharashtra, UP, Bihar, and Orissa. Therefore Option A correctly identifies the false statement. The Communists did oppose it, Rajagopalachari did negotiate separately, and RSS did stay aloof.

Lala Lajpat Rai was elected the first President of the All-India Trade Union Congress at its founding session in 1920. AITUC was India's first national trade union federation, formed to represent workers' interests. S. A. Dange, Z. A. Ahmed, and N. M. Joshi were all prominent labour leaders but not the founding president.

The Quit India Movement was launched at the Bombay session of the Indian National Congress on August 8, 1942. This historic resolution marked a decisive moment in India's freedom struggle, calling for immediate independence from British rule. The Bombay session was chosen as it was a major commercial center where the Congress could mobilize widespread support.

Subhash Chandra Bose gave the famous clarion call 'Dilli Challo' (March to Delhi) during the Indian National Army (INA) campaign. This slogan embodied his militant approach to achieving independence and rallying Indians to march towards the capital to free their motherland from British rule. It inspired thousands during the final phase of the freedom struggle.

He was in charge of Finance. He represented the Muslim League and effectively blocked the functioning of the other ministries by not releasing the finances and was one of the main reasons why the Congress constantly urged the Viceroy to demand the resignation of Muslim League members. Initially the Finance portfolio was given to John Mathai but after the Muslim League joined the Interim government, it was given to Liaqat Ali Khan

Dadabhai Naoroji became the first Indian member of the British Parliament in 1892, winning the Central Finsbury seat. He was a prominent nationalist leader and economic thinker.

The Moplah Rebellion, which took place in Malabar during 1921, was a conflict rooted in religious revivalism among the Muslim Moplahs. It was based on a deep disaffection with British rule and a burning sectarian resentment against the land owning Hindu Nair community, who sided with the British. 

 Bal Gangadhar Tilak said this during the freedom struggle.

The first Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhiji after the Rowlatt Act of 1919.

'Do or die' slogan was given by Gandhiji during the Quit India Movement.

Correct answer is (3). 

Equality before the law is a fundamental concept of our legal system.

All judicial officers take an oath to administer the law without fear, favour, affection or ill will. Judicial officers must treat all parties fairly regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, sexuality, age, religious affiliation, socio-economic background, size or nature of family, literacy level or any other such characteristic. Respect and courtesy should be the hallmarks of judicial conduct. Paternalistic or patronising attitudes have no place in the court room.

Rash Behari Ghosh was Congress President in 1907 when the Surat split occurred between moderates and extremists. The moderate leadership suspended the extremists from the party, leading to a decade-long division. This period saw the Congress under moderate control focusing on constitutional methods.

 <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:" sans-serif;="" font-size:="" 13px;="" line-height:="" 19px;="">20 August 1828 the first assembly of the Brahmo Sabha (progenitor of the Brahmo Samaj) was held at the North Calcutta house of Feringhee Kamal Bose

Annie Besant opened the Central Hindu College, Benares (Varanasi), in 1898, later receiving the honorary degree of D. L. by the Benares Hindu University. A vocal supporter for Indian Home Rule, she was interned by the British authorities during the first world war. In 1917, she was declared as the President of the Indian National Congress party. 

Jatin Das died after a 63-day hunger strike in 1929 during Lord Irwin's viceroyalty (1926-1931). He was protesting the inhumane treatment of political prisoners and demanding jail reforms. His death became a powerful symbol of revolutionary sacrifice and galvanized public opinion against colonial repression.

Macaulayism is the conscious policy of liquidating indigenous culture through the planned substitution of the alien culture of a colonizing power via the education system. The term is derived from the name of British politician, Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859), an individual who was instrumental in the introduction of English as the medium of instruction in the higher education of India.

Lord Lytton (1876-1880) organized the Grand Delhi Durbar in 1877 to proclaim Queen Victoria as 'Kaiser-i-Hind' (Empress of India). This elaborate ceremony was held despite the famine raging in India at the time, showing colonial priorities.

The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 under the Governor Generalship and Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton, for 'better control' of Indian language newspapers. The purpose of the act was to control the printing and circulation of seditious material, calculated to produce disaffection, which was already present against the British Government in India in the minds of the masses.

Vinoba Bhave observed the life of the average Indian living in a village and tried to find solutions for the problems he faced with a firm spiritual foundation. This formed the core of his Sarvodaya (awakening of all potentials) Movement.

The committee appointed by the English to probe into the the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy was Hunter Committee. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre provoked a strong public reaction in India and England. The Government pointed a Committee of Enquiry (consisting of four British entry Indian members) under the chairmanship of Lord Hunter to enquire into the Punjab disturbances.

The Charter Act of 1833 centralised the administration in India. The Governor General of Bengal, according to the act, was declared as the Governor General of India. The jurisdiction of the Governor General in council was extended considerably.

Winston Churchill described Mahatma Gandhi as a 'seditious Middle Temple lawyer, now posing as a half-naked fakir.'

Churchill was provoked to describe Mahatma Gandhi as a 'seditious Middle Temple lawyer' because when Gandhi was in London, as a lawyer, he wore western attire. While on his return to India, a year after the launch of the non-cooperation movement, Gandhi adopted the dress of the poorest Indian-khadi dhoti made of coarse homespun cotton yarn. 

William Digby, a British MP and journalist, wrote extensively on famines in British India, particularly in his work analyzing the devastating famines of 1876-78 and 1899-1900. He criticized British economic policies and the laissez-faire approach that exacerbated these crises. His writings highlighted how colonial revenue policies prioritized extraction over famine prevention.

Macaulay wanted to westernise Indian education through the minor intellectuals of India. This was known as the Downwards Filtration Theory. 

The Portuguese were the first Europeans to reach India by sea route when Vasco da Gama arrived at Calicut in 1498. They established trading centers at Cochin, Goa, and other locations. The Dutch arrived in 1605, followed by the British in 1613, and the French in 1666, making them subsequent entrants.

Correct answer is (1). 

The Harcourt Butler Committee (officially the Indian States Committee) was appointed in 1927 to enquire into the relationship between the British Government and the Princely States. This was necessitated by the growing demand for princely state representation and the need to clarify their constitutional status. Option A is incorrect as it was not related to the Simon Commission, Option C refers to a different context, and Option D is unrelated.

Medley, a British historian, characterized the 1857 revolt as a 'war of races' - meaning a racial conflict between the British and Indians. This terminology reflected the colonial view of the uprising as fundamentally about racial tension and hierarchy rather than political grievances. Other historians like S. N. Sen used different descriptors.

Sahib won the confidence of Charles Hillersdon, the Collector of Cawnpore. It was planned that Nana Saheb would assemble a force of 1500 soldiers, in case the rebellion spread to Kanpur.