Analytical Instrumentation

This answer is correct as when H₂O is ionised by the bombardment of electron beam it can get converted to H⁺, O⁺, [OH]⁺, [H₂O] having masses 1, 16, 17 and 18 respectively. But none of these configurations give mass of 15. Hence, there can be no peak corresponding to  mass 15.

This answer is correct as the given statement is wrong because it is the burner and not the atomiser who should have a tip of suitable shape to produce symmetrical flame and homogeneous flow and distribution of gases, in order to avoid a strike back in the burner from accidental fluctuations in the feed system.

This option is correct as calibration curves are not necessarily linear. It is found that curves for a given element are linear over a limited range. At stronger concentrations, the same element would give a curved calibration.

This answer is correct as the given statement is false because the sample must be added in concentration very near to those of analysis element, so that radiations of approximately equal may be obtained.

This answer is correct as interference due to self absorption occurs due to the absorption of radiant energy through collision with atoms of its own kind present in ground energy level, which primarily depends upon the number of atoms present in ground state. The concentration of atomized solution and by the probability that these atoms will be excited by the incident radiation from excited atoms of its own kind.

This option is correct since Nernst filament has a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance, so it is operated in series with ballast resistance in constant voltage circuit.

This answer is correct as in electron spin resonance the transition occurs between magnetic energy levels of paired electrons and region of EM spectrum is microwave. It involves the detection of physical phenomenon of absorption of electromagnetic radiation in microwave region by paramagnetic species.

This answer is correct since C¹² has even number of neutrons and even number of protons. Hence, net spin would be zero and it will not respond to nuclear magnetic resonance and hence, cannot be analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

This answer is correct as GM counter popularly known as Geiger Muller counter is used for ionizing radiations and not for IR radiations.

This answer is correct as we can see from the expression n₁/n₂ = e^(-2µH/kT) that sensitivity of the instrument is greatly enhanced by using a high magnetic field and lowering the temperature.

This answer is correct as electronic energy is greater than vibrational energy, which is greater than rotational energy, whihc is greater than translational energy. Thus, the total energy is given by:
E_total = E_elec + E_vib + E_rot + E_trans

This option is correct as we know that scintillation is a process of conversion of radioactive energy (energy associated with a beta particle) to light. Hence, scintillation counter is the detector which converts the radioactive energy into light energy.

This option is correct because C¹⁴ is a low energy β^- emitter and since liquid scintillators are used for low energy β^- emitters, so C¹⁴ can be detected using liquid scintillator.

This option is correct as the given statement is wrong regarding PMTs since dynodes are additional electrodes which are maintained at successively less  negative potential  which leads to generation of additional electrons thus multiplying the primary current.

This answer is correct as the given statement is false since Beer-Lambert law is true only for light of single wavelength or monochromatic light since molar absorptivity is a function of wavelength.