Computer Networking

It collects and exchanges network management information between a network management console and network devices.

It establishes connections, sequences and acknowledges packet sent and recovers packets lost during transmission.

It supports two B-channels with 64 kbps each, and a 16 kbps D-channel for control information.

The level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

Here, the positive voltage defines bit 1 and the zero voltage defines bit 0 and the signal does not return to zero at the middle of the bit.

It is a simple error detection method used with character oriented protocols.

It is a technique for detecting errors in digital data, but not for making corrections when errors are detected.

Here, the change or lack of change in the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit.

It uses three values positive, negative and zero and the signal changes not between bits, but during the bits.
The 1 bit is encoded as a zero voltage and the 0 bit is encoded as alternating +ve and -ve voltages.

It is used for establishing, configuring, and testing the data link connection.

It can also be used for sending PPP packets when suitably framed, bu t is limited in bandwidth and often restricts communication links to a local switch.

It provides a number of virtual circuits that form the basis for connections between stations attached to the same frame relay network.
A node that can not forward IP packets, not explicitly addressed to itself.

The technique balances the positive and negative voltage levels, means that the DC balance is maintained.

This network is documented by RFC 1356, a draft standard with a status of elective.

Here, four consecutive zero level voltages are replaced with a sequence of 000V or B00V.