Excretory System
Questions about the human excretory system including kidney anatomy, nephron function, urine formation, and related hormones like aldosterone and vasopressin.
Questions
Uricotelic animals are those that excrete nitrogenous wastes as _______.
- carbon wastes
- creatinine
- Urea
- ammonia
- uric acid
Micturition is regulated by _____.
- glomerulus
- bladder sphincter
- loop of henle
- sweat glands
- vasopressin
In the Bowman's capsule _______.
- afferent arteriole is narrower whereas efferent arteriole is wider
- afferent arteriole is wider whereas efferent arteriole is narrower
- afferent capillary is wider whereas efferent capillary is narrower
- afferent capillary is narrower whereas efferent capillary is wider
- afferent arteriole is wider and efferent capillary is narrower
For which of the following is aldosterone responsible?
- Ultrafiltration
- Reabsorption
- Sodium reabsorption
- Water reabsorption
- Excretion
Absorption of water from the Kidney tubules is controlled by _________.
- the ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)
- vasopressin
- oxytocin
- the T.S.H. (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
- amount of Uric acid
Profuse sweating takes place during heavy muscular exercise. The reason is _________.
- to excrete excessive amount of sodium chloride
- to eliminate excessive lactic acid produced due to anaerobic metabolism
- to regulate the temperature of the body
- all of these
- none of these
Which of the following statement is false?
- Sometimes, urine may contain certain excess vitamins.
- Glomerular filtration occurs under pressure on the blood as a result of systolic pressure of the heart.
- A diuretic increases the amount of urine.
- Harmful ammonium compounds formed during the metabolism in the cells are broken down to form urea in the kidney.
- Glomerular filtrate consists of many substances such as water, salt, glucose, and white blood corpuscles.
What is the name of the organ, which produces Urea?
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Large intestine.
- Kidney
- Urinary Bladder
Which of the following pair is correct?
- Liver - stimulated by light
- Ova - haploid cells
- Alveoli - basic unit of the brain
- Cochlea - diffusion of gases
- Grana - part of the sclera
Which of the following statement is correct?
- Urine leaves the urinary bladder of female by means of the uterus.
- Urethra carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
- The U-shaped portion of a nephron located in the medulla region is called Loop of Henle.
- Renal vein supplies blood to kidney.
- Ammonia is converted into urea in kidney.
Which of the following is not a correct pair?
- Iliac artery - supply blood to hind limbs
- Iliac vein - collection of blood from hind limbs
- Urethra - passage for urine and sex cells
- Ureter - Transfer of urine and sex cells
- Renal artery - Collection of blood from the kidneys
Which of the following substances is reabsorbed from the renal tubules by the secondary capillaries?
- Ammonia
- Uric acid
- Urea
- Glucose
- Creatinine
The pigment produced by the breakdown of hemoglobin in liver is ________.
- uric acid
- acetone
- creatinine
- urochrome
- glucose
Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to _______.
- chloride
- potassium
- sodium
- water
- glucose
Where does the Ultra-filtration occurs?
- PCT (Proximal Convoluted tubule)
- DCT (Distal Convoluted tubule)
- Henle’s Loop
- Vasa Rectae
- Bowman’s capsule
Proximal Convoluted tubule lies in ___________.
- cortex
- pelvis
- medulla
- hylus
- ureter
Which of the following is not a property of Urine?
- Colour - Straw yellow colour
- Volume - Normally 1 - 1.5 liters per day
- pH - 2-3
- Specific gravity - 1.003 to 1.035
- Odour - On standing, the smell of urine becomes strong, ammonia-like, due to bacterial activity, otherwise faint smell
Cortex of kidney is covered by fibrous _________.
- wall
- peritonium
- capsule
- layer
- sheath
The expanded part of the ureter proximal to kidney is called
- urethra
- urinary bladder
- pelvis
- pyramid
- medulla
The human kidney is made up of millions of structural and functional units called
- neurons
- the Bowman's capsule
- nephrons
- cells
- blood vessels