Human Disease

Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever in which the heart valves are damaged. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that begins with strep throat. It can affect connective tissue throughout the body, especially in the heart, joints, brain and skin. Although rheumatic fever can strike people of all ages, it is most common in children between 5 and 15 years old. Rheumatic heart patients are specially advised against taking salt.

In medicine, dialysis, meaning dissolution, (dia, meaning through, and lysis, meaning (loosening or splitting)) is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with renal failure. Dialysis may be used for those with an acute disturbance in kidney function (acute kidney injury, previously acute renal failure), or progressive but chronically worsening kidney function – a state known as chronic kidney disease.

Malnutrition is the condition that occurs when your body does not get enough nutrients. The early signs of malnutrition do not include bowing of legs.

Osteoporosis is the thinning of bone tissue and loss of bone density over time. Osteoporosis is the most common type of bone disease. Osteoporosis is the disease due to deficiency of vitamin D.

Thalassemia is an inherited autosomal recessive blood disorder affecting hemoglobin synthesis. It is genetic, not infectious. Measles, influenza, and typhoid are all contagious diseases caused by pathogens (viruses or bacteria) that can spread between individuals.

Viscera test involves analyzing internal organs (stomach, liver, kidneys, intestines) for the presence of poisons, drugs, or toxic substances. It is a forensic procedure used to confirm death by poisoning when poisoning is suspected.

 Glaucoma is a multi-factorial, complex eye disease with specific characteristics such as optic nerve damage and visual field loss. While increased pressure inside the eye (called intraocular pressure or IOP) is usually present, even patients with normal range IOP can develop glaucoma.

Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a common worldwide bacterial disease, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. In an epidemic of typhoid, test mode of prevention is boiling water before drinking.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the brain. It is characterized by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes due to beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissue.

Short-sightedness (myopia) occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina. A concave lens diverges light before it enters the eye, moving the focal point back onto the retina and correcting the vision defect.

Endophthalmitis (infection), Posterior Capsule Opacification (secondary cataract), and Retinal Detachment are known complications of cataract surgery. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving seizures and has no causal relationship with cataract surgery.

Rheumatoid Factor (RF) is an autoantibody (IgM) directed against the Fc portion of IgG. Its presence is a key diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation. It is not used to diagnose hypertension, diabetes, or Addison's disease.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition affecting the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), which supplies sensation to the face. The hallmark symptom is severe, sharp, shooting facial pain, typically triggered by touch or movement. Dysuria, vomiting, and poikiluria are unrelated symptoms.

Common human diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox and cold sores.