Human Diseases and Medical Conditions

Typhoid fever is a severe infection caused by a bacterium, Salmonella typhi. S. typhi is in the same family of bacteria as the type spread by chicken and eggs, commonly known as salmonella poisoning or food poisoning. S. typhi bacteria do not have vomiting and diarrhea as the most prominent symptoms of their presence in humans. Instead, persistently high fever is the hallmark of S. typhi infection.

Pea soup diarrhea is the feature of Typhoid fever. This is an acute bacterial disease caused by Salmonella typhi. Typhoid germs are passed in the feces and, to some extent, the urine of infected people. The germs are spread by eating or drinking water or food contaminated by feces (or urine) from the infected individual.

If one can diagnose urethritis and cervicitis, the disease is most likely to be Gonorrhea. Most of the time, a urine test can be used to test for gonorrhea. However, if a person has had oral and/or anal sex, swabs may be used to collect samples from the throat and/or rectum. In some cases, a swab may be used to collect a sample from a man's urethra (urine canal) or a woman's cervix (opening to the womb).

Antibiotics refer to drugs that are used to treat infectious diseases in humans, animals or plants.  They work by inhibiting the growth of or killing microorganisms causing the disease.  Antimicrobials is a broader term that  refers  to any compound, including antibiotics, sanitizers, disinfectants, a number of food preservatives and other substances, that acts to inhibit the growth of or kill microorganisms.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal) in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.

Hyperparathyroidism causes excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, leading to increased calcium resorption from bone and hypercalcemia. High urinary calcium levels promote calcium stone formation in kidneys (renal calculi). Graves disease causes hyperthyroidism, scurvy involves vitamin C deficiency, and diabetes causes hyperglycemia; none directly cause calcium stones.

Correct Answer: Diabetes Insipidus

An optical system with astigmatism is one where rays that propagate in two perpendicular planes have different foci. If an optical system with astigmatism is used to form an image of a cross, the vertical and horizontal lines will be in sharp focus at two different distances. Astigmatism is a state in which one cannot see both the vertical and horizontal lines simultaneously.

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is primarily found in animal products like meat, eggs, and dairy. Strict vegetarians who consume no animal products are at risk of B12 deficiency since plant sources are unreliable. The other options (nicotinic acid/niacin, protein, and thiamine) are readily available in plant-based foods.

Triple Antigen (DPT) vaccine protects against three diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus. The question specifically asks which disease it protects against, and whooping cough (pertussis) is one of the three components. Polio and tuberculosis have separate vaccines (oral polio vaccine and BCG respectively).

The Widal test is a serological test that detects agglutinating antibodies against O and H antigens of Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. A significant rise in antibody titers between acute and convalescent samples confirms the diagnosis. Bells Palsy is diagnosed clinically, Malaria by blood smear, and Lyme Disease by ELISA/Western blot.

A. Cataract- Eye (reduce your vision)

Correct Answer: Poliomyelitis: Monkey

A balanced diet for an adult working man requires approximately 600 grams of carbohydrate-rich foods and 70-100 grams of protein foods daily. Option D correctly reflects this ratio with 600 gm of carbohydrates and 420 gm of protein foods. The other options either reverse the ratio or suggest equal amounts, which doesn't align with nutritional requirements where carbohydrates should provide the bulk of calories.