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Historical Perspective in Microbiology

GATE: Life Science: Microbiology: Historical Perspective

20 Questions Published
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Questions

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Pure culture of bacteria was first obtained by ________.

Directions: Laboratory procedures have been developed that make it possible to isolate microorganisms representing each species and to grow each of the species separately.

  1. Joseph Lister
  2. Koch
  3. Bruce
  4. Ducrey
  5. Van Ermengem
Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Who postulated that disease is produced by invisible living creatures?

  1. Ignaz Semmelweis
  2. Robert Koch
  3. Roger Bacon
  4. Walter Reed
  5. Paul Ehrlich
Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

The principle of immunization was demonstrated by whom?

  1. Pasteur
  2. Roger Bacon
  3. Francesco Redi
  4. Spallanzani
  5. Joseph Lister
Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Who wrote “The Contagiousness of Puerperal Fever in 1842”?

  1. Walter Reed
  2. Francesco Redi
  3. Joseph Lister
  4. Wendell Holmes
  5. Koch
Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Who suggested that the animals might have originated spontaneously from the soil, plants or other dissimilar animals?

  1. Aristotle
  2. Virgil
  3. Francesco Redi
  4. John Nidham
  5. John Tyndall
Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Who introduced complement-fixation test for syphilis?

  1. August von Wassermann
  2. Roger Bacon
  3. Francesco Redi
  4. Spallanzani
  5. Joseph Lister
Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is an “antitoxin”?

Directions: Emil von Behring and Kitasato devised a method of producing immunity to infections caused by organisms by injecting their toxins into animals so that an antitoxin would develop.

  1. A substance that inhibits the action of toxin.
  2. A substance that enhances the action of toxin.
  3. A substance that helps the toxin to work.
  4. A substance that neutralizes toxin.
  5. It has nothing to do with toxin.
Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Identify the person from the following options, who believed that animals might originate spontaneously from the soil, plants or other unlike animals:

  1. Aristotle
  2. Needham
  3. Spallanzani
  4. Schulze
  5. Aristotle, Needham and Spallanzani
Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following devices and procedures disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?

  1. Schwann heat sterilized the air which flowed through the glass tube to his culture flask.
  2. Schroder and von Dusch filtered the air entering the culture flask through cotton.
  3. Simple goose-necked flasks were devised by Pasteur.
  4. Tyndall constructed a dust-free incubation chamber.
  5. All of the above
Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is “plant pathology“?

Directions: Late in the 19th century, T.J. Burrill, working in Illinois, discovered the fire blight disease in pear caused by a bacterium. This opened a new area of microbiology called “ plant pathology”.

  1. The study of plant hormones.
  2. The study of plant diseases.
  3. The study of water transport in plants.
  4. The study of plant diversity and naming.
  5. The study of heredity in plants.
Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Who was the first person to recognize the role of phagocytes in combating bacterial infections?

  1. Elie Metchnikoff
  2. Ignaz Semmelweis
  3. Bruce
  4. Walter Reed
  5. None of the above
Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is a “toxin”?

  1. It is basically a poison that harms an organism.
  2. It is a secretion from the salivary gland.
  3. Its a humoral factor in blood.
  4. It is an anticoagulant.
  5. All of the above
Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Transmission of viral diseases of plants by insects was suggested by _________.

Directions: Late in the 19th century, T.J. Burrill, working in Illinois, discovered the fire blight disease in pear caused by a bacterium. This opened a new area of microbiology called “ plant pathology”.

  1. H. Weigmann
  2. Martinus Beijerinck
  3. A Japanese farmer Hashimoto
  4. Emil Hansen
  5. McCoy and Chapin
Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following:
Disease Discoverer
A. Tuberculosis (i) Koch
B. Tetanus (ii) Bordet and Gengou
C. Dysentery (iii) Nicolaier
D. Whooping cough (iv) Shiga
  1. A - i, B - iii, C - iv, D - ii
  2. A - i, B - ii, C - iii, D - iv
  3. A - ii, B - i, C - iii, D - iv
  4. A - iii, B - iv, C - i, D - ii
  5. A - iv, B - iii, C - ii, D - i
Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is germ theory?

  1. It states that a disease-causing microorganism should be present in animals infected by the disease and not in healthy animals.
  2. It states that a disease-causing microorganism should be present in healthy animals and not in infected animals.
  3. It states that a disease-causing microorganism should be destroyed.
  4. It states that a disease-causing microorganism cannot be destroyed.
  5. Both 2 and 4 are correct.
Question 16 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Who discovered diphtheria?

  1. Loeffler
  2. Koch
  3. Bruce
  4. Ducrey
  5. Van Ermengem
Question 17 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Pasteurization of milk is done by __________.

  1. boiling the milk for 20 mins.
  2. heating the milk at 72oC for 30 mins.
  3. heating the milk at 72oC for 20 mins.
  4. heating the milk at 62oC for 30 mins.
  5. none of the above
Question 18 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

The growth of a mass of cells of the same species in a test tube is called _________.

Directions: Laboratory procedures have been developed that make it possible to isolate microorganisms representing each species and to grow each of the species separately.

  1. sericulture
  2. pure culture
  3. apiculture
  4. pisciculture
  5. aquaculture
Question 19 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which branch of biology is referred here in the above statement?

Directions: The recent most dramatic development in applied microbiology is the ability to alter an organism’s genetic makeup.

  1. Physiology
  2. Ethology
  3. Genetic Engineering
  4. Ornithology
  5. Palaeontology
Question 20 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

New pieces of DNA can be inserted into a DNA molecule in a process called __________.

Directions: The recent most dramatic development in applied microbiology is the ability to alter an organism’s genetic makeup.

  1. mutation
  2. recombination
  3. replication
  4. transcription
  5. translation
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