Constitution of India

It was adopted and enacted by the ‘People of India’.

All the given features are greatly influenced by the Government of India Act, 1935.

The question asks for the WRONGLY matched pair. Judicial Review was actually borrowed from the US Constitution (Marbury v. Madison case), not the British Constitution. The UK follows parliamentary sovereignty and lacks formal judicial review of constitutional validity. The other matches are correct: Concurrent List from Australian Constitution, Directive Principles from Irish Constitution, and Fundamental Rights from US Constitution.

The Government of India Act, 1935 was the most profound influence on the Indian Constitution. It provided the basic framework - federal structure, provincial autonomy, emergency provisions, and administrative details. About 75% of the Constitution is derived from this Act. While the US Constitution influenced fundamental rights and judicial review, and the British Constitution influenced parliamentary democracy, the 1935 Act's structural framework was dominant.

The Preamble is non-justiciable and not enforceable in courts (Option A is correct). However, Option B is wrong - the Supreme Court has ruled that the Preamble IS part of the Constitution (Kesavananda Bharati case). Option C is also incorrect - the Preamble has been amended only once (42nd Amendment, 1976) to add 'socialist', 'secular', and 'integrity'. Option D 'All of these' cannot be correct when B and C are wrong.

In the Berubari Union case (1960), the Supreme Court initially ruled that the Preamble was not part of the Constitution. This view was later overturned in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), where the Court held that the Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution. Golaknath dealt with fundamental rights and amendment power, while Minerva Mills dealt with judicial review of constitutional amendments.

The Preamble reveals: (A) when enacted (November 26, 1949), (B) ideals to achieve (justice, liberty, equality, fraternity), (C) system of government (democratic, republic), and (D) source of authority (We the People of India). All four elements emerge clearly from the Preamble text. It is a comprehensive declaration of the Constitution's philosophy, source, and basic features.

The Preamble contains the basic aims and objectives of the Indian Constitution - justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. It is the philosophy and soul of the Constitution. Part III contains Fundamental Rights (justiciable), Part IV contains Directive Principles (non-justiciable guidelines). The Preamble stands apart as the ideological foundation, explaining the Constitution's purpose.

The first session of the Constituent Assembly was held in New Delhi on December 9, 1946. It was originally scheduled to be held in December 1946, and the Assembly convened in the Constitution Hall (now Central Hall of Parliament House) in New Delhi. The Assembly met in New Delhi throughout its constitution-making process from 1946 to 1949.

B.N. Rao (B.N. Rau) was the Constitutional Adviser to the Constituent Assembly. He prepared the original draft of the Constitution after studying constitutions of various countries. Sachchidanand Sinha was the temporary President, N. Gopalaswamy was the Advisor to the Assembly, and H.N. Kunzru was a member. B.N. Rao's role was crucial in drafting the initial provisions.

K. M. Munshi and Alladi Krishnaswami were the members of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.

The Preamble enshrines ideals first spelt out in the Objective Resolution adopted by the Constituent Assembly on December 13, 1946, and moved by Nehru. The Karachi Resolution (1931) dealt with fundamental rights, Nehru Report (1928) was a constitutional blueprint, and Nehru's speech on the Ravi was in 1929. The Objective Resolution specifically contained the Preamble's language and philosophy.

The Constituent Assembly took 2 years, 11 months, and 18 days to form the draft (December 9, 1946 to November 26, 1949). It held its first session on December 9, 1946, and adopted the Constitution on November 26, 1949. The Constitution came into force on January 26, 1950. This extensive time was needed for detailed deliberations on 395 articles across 114 days of sitting.

As a result of the partition under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June, 1947, a separate Constituent Assembly was set up for Pakistan and representatives of some Provinces ceased to be members of the Assembly. As a result, the membership of the Assembly was reduced to 299 members.