Landforms of the Earth

The percentage of land surface in the Northern Hemisphere is the maximum between 40⁰ and 50⁰ latitude.

The correct east to west location of the island groups in the Pacific is - Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia.

The height of landscape of the earth is expressed by spot heights on map.

The theory of plate tectonics has proved that the continents of  Africa and South America are juxtafix to each other.

1. Andes - South America
2. Rockies - North America
3. Atlas - Africa
4. Alps - Europe

Insular is an area (like islands) surrounded by water on all sides.

In geography, an oasis is an isolated area of vegetation in a desert, typically surrounding a spring or similar water source. Oases also provide habitat for animals and even humans if the area is big enough.

A gulf is said to be a large body of water that is surrounded by land and having only a narrow entrance along a strait. A bay is also a large body of water that is surrounded by land but not as enclosed as a gulf. Moreover, the bay has a wider opening than the gulf.

The reclaimed portions of sea in the Netherlands are called 'polders'. A polder is a low-lying tract of land enclosed by embankments (barriers) known as dikes that forms an artificial hydrological entity, meaning it has no connection with outside water other than through manually operated devices.

The Atlas range is a folded mountain range.
The tropical regions are the hottest regions on the earth.
Peaty soils are found along the Malabar coast of India.
Indian Rosewood mainly grows on the banks of the river below 900 meter elevation. It is widely found in the Indian State of Haryana. It can also be found in the Periyar National Park, Bandipur National Park and Sariska Tiger Reserve in India.

Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world. It is a saline water lake.
Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world.
Lake Superior is the largest fresh water lake in the world. It is located in North America.

River Rhine flows in a rift valley.

The Tibetan Plateau is enclosed by mountain ranges: the Kunlun Mountains to the north and the Himalayas to the south. Option C correctly identifies this boundary. The Karakoram is west of Tibet, Hindukush is further northwest, and Tangshan is in northeast China - not bordering Tibet.

The great expanses of the world's desert lie between 20 degrees to 30 degrees north and south latitude. It is here that equatorial air falls down toward the Earth's surface and rainfall is rare because rain usually occurs when air begins to rise, not fall. The equatorial air that is falling prevents most air from rising. North Africa, southwestern North America, the Middle East, and Australia support the largest hot deserts.