Computer Science Fundamentals

Aliasing describes a situation in which a data location in memory can be accessed through different symbolic names in the program.

Virtual devices may also operate in a non-virtualized environment. For example a virtual network adapter is used with a virtual private network, while a virtual disk device is used with iSCSI. The best example for virtual device drivers can be Daemon Tools.

A formal language is recursive if there exists a total turing machine (a turing machine that halts for every given input) that, when given a finite sequence of symbols from the alphabet of the language as input (any string containing only characters in the language's alphabet) accepts only those that are part of the language and rejects all other strings. Recursive languages are also called decidable.

The microcode usually does not reside in the main memory, but in a special high speed memory, called the control store. It might be either read-only or read-write memory. In the latter case the microcode would be loaded into the control store from some other storage medium as part of the initialization of the CPU, and it could be altered to correct bugs in the instruction set, or to implement new machine instructions.

Lexical analysis breaks the source code text into small pieces called tokens. Each token is a single atomic unit of the language, for instance a keyword, identifier or symbol name. The token syntax is typically a regular language, so a finite state automaton constructed from a regular expression can be used to recognize it. This phase is also called lexing or scanning, and the software doing lexical analysis is called a lexical analyzer or scanner.

Even parity is a special case of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC), where the 1-bit CRC is generated by the polynomial x+1.

 DCFL is a subset of the complexity class SC. The set of deterministic context-free languages is not closed under union but is closed under complement.

If both L and its complement are recursively enumerable, the the language itself is recursive.A recursive formal language is a recursive subset in the set of all possible words over the alphabet of the language.

A test script is a procedure, or programing code that replicates user actions. Initially the term was derived from the product of work created by automated regression test tools. Test Case will be a baseline to create test scripts using a tool or a program.

It is characteristic of processes at this level that, using process metrics, management can effectively control the AS-IS process (e.g., for software development ). In particular, management can identify ways to adjust and adapt the process to particular projects without measurable losses of quality or deviations from specifications. Process capability is established from this level.

Temporal locality: If at one point in time a particular memory location is referenced, then it is likely that the same location will be referenced again in the near future. There is a temporal proximity between the adjacent references to the same memory location. In this case it is common to make efforts to store a copy of the referenced data in special memory storage, which can be accessed faster.

FDDI frame format is described as :|PA|SD|FC|DA|SA|PDU|FCS|ED/FS|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|16 bits|8 bits|8 bits|48 bits|48 bits|up to 4478x8 bits|32 bits|16 bits|
This field is not present in this frame header.

Regression tests can be broadly categorized as functional tests or unit tests. Functional tests exercise the complete program with various inputs. Unit tests exercise individual functions, subroutines, or object methods. Both functional testing tools and unit testing tools tend to be third-party products that are not part of the compiler suite, and both tend to be automated.

This is the state when the instuctions of the process are being executed. Only one process can be running on any processor at any instant.

Selection sort is a sorting algorithm, specifically an in-place comparison sort. It has space complexity of O(n) in the worst case.