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Ecology

Comprehensive ecology quiz covering population dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem structure, speciation, environmental pollution, ecological succession, and aquatic ecosystems. Suitable for GATE and advanced ecology examinations.

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Questions

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following attributes increases recent human population growth?

A. Agricultural revolution<o:p>
B. Genetic drift<o:p>
C. Industrial revolution<o:p>
D. Medical advances
<o:p>E. Altruistic behavior

  1. A, C, D and E
  2. B and E only
  3. A, B, C and D
  4. D and E only
Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is incorrect?

  1. Biotic and abiotic factors are the segments of the ecosystem.
  2. Water is an important biotic component of the ecosystem.
  3. Herbivores are the primary consumers in the ecosystem.
  4. Energy and nutrients enter the ecosystem through primary producers.
Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Consider the following statements, which of them is incorrect about hydrophytes?
A. The stomata is sunken.<o:p>
B. Stem is slender and flexible.<o:p>
C. Emergent forms show heterophylly.<o:p>
D. Root system is either absent or poorly developed.
<o:p>E. Possess thick cuticle, well developed epidermis and hypodermis.

  1. A and B
  2. B and C
  3. C and D
  4. A and E
Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following and choose the correct option given below.

 
Column I Column II
A. Allopatric speciation i. Formed due to several ecotypes having different adaptations
B. Sympatric speciation ii. Formed due to genetic drift and natural selection
C. Adaptive radiation iii. Formed from new species from spatially isolated populations
D. Gradual speciation iv. Formed due to sudden appearance of reproductive isolation
  1. A – iv, B – iii, C – ii, D – i
  2. A – ii, B – iii, C – iv, D – i
  3. A – iii, B – ii, C – iv, D – i
  4. A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following are the immediate concerns regarding carbon cycle?

a. Output rate of carbon locked in deposits of coal, petroleum and natural gas.<o:p>
b. Green house effect is caused by CO2.<o:p>
c. Increase in CO2 on Earth’s atmosphere by 12 to 14%.<o:p>
d. Increase in CO2 decreases primary productivity.<o:p>
e. Increase in photorespiration.

  1. a, b and c
  2. b, c and d
  3. c, d and e
  4. a, d and e
Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is responsible for allopatric speciation?

  1. It occurs when genetically related populations inhabit a widely separated geographical area.
  2. It occurs when genetically unrelated populations inhabit a widely separated geographical area.
  3. It occurs when genetically related populations inhabit the same geographical area.
  4. It occurs when genetically mixed populations inhabit the geographical area.
Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Assertion(A): Nitrogen fixation is achieved industrially by the Haber Bosch process in which H2 and N2 are mixed together at high temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst to form NH3.
<o:p>Reasoning(R): Fertilizers like ammonium nitrites are prepared by this process.

  1. Both Assertion and Reasoning are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both Assertion and Reasoning are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true and R is false.
  4. Both A and R are false.
Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following and choose the correct option given below.

 
Column I Column II
A. Aluminium i. Interferes with brain function
B. Arsenic ii. Anemia, mental retardation and affects CNS
C. Lead iii. Interferes with phosphate metabolism
D. Mercury iv. Loss of appetite and kidney damage
  1. A – iv, B – i, C – ii, D – iii
  2. A – ii, B – iii, C – iv, D – i
  3. A – iii, B – iv, C – ii, D – i
  4. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii
Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

A boy is suffering from blue-baby syndrome due to the formation of non-functional methaemoglobin. Which of the following is responsible for this?

  1. Excess of arsenic concentration in drinking water.
  2. Excess of nitrates in drinking water.
  3. Deficiency of iron in food.
  4. Increased methane content in the atmosphere.
Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

The structure of a protist that lives inside the gut of a termite is destroyed as the gut is affected by an antibiotic. Which of the following is responsible for the deformation of protist? <o:p>

  1. Secretory organelles which secrete enzymes to digest wood.
  2. Ribosomes, which are associated with protein synthesis.
  3. Nucleus which controls and coordinates the cellular activities.
  4. Lysosome which contains the hydrolytic enzymes.
Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Through which of the following is the boundary or territory marked by animals in the forests?

  1. Pheromone
  2. Defecation
  3. Saliva
  4. Urination
Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. The acid rain occurs due to the presence of H2SO4 and HNO3.
  2. CO2 released by fossil fuels, burnings of coal/wood, etc is a green house gas.
  3. NH3 reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide.
  4. Excessive release of CO by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels causes global warming.
Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is formed by the interbreeding organisms in a species showing continuous distribution?

  1. An endemic population
  2. A deme
  3. A cline
  4. An ecotone
Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following correctly defines population dispersion?

  1. Spatial distribution of individuals
  2. Movement of immigration and emigration
  3. Migration from an original place
  4. Random movement of two populations
Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the succession on a secondary bare area called?

  1. Primosere
  2. Subsere
  3. Xerosere
  4. Serule
Question 16 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

On which factor does the rate of increase in a population per unit time depend, according to the law of population growth?

  1. Initial family size in the population
  2. Innate capacity of population to increase
  3. Utilized opportunity for population growth
  4. Interdependency among the members
Question 17 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is responsible for damaging the WBCs and bone marrow in the body?

  1. I - 131
  2. Sr - 90
  3. Ca - 40
  4. Cs - 137
Question 18 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the vegetation found between the tree line and the snow line called?

  1. Savannah
  2. Meadow
  3. Alpine meadow
  4. Deciduous forest
Question 19 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the historic convention on biological diversity held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 called?

  1. The Earth summit
  2. Montreal protocol

  3. Geneva convention<o:p></o:p>

  4. Copenhagen summit<o:p></o:p>
Question 20 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Assertion(A): Farmenetal reported that from 1875 to 1985, a reduction of 40% to 50% of ozone content over Antartica occured, reaching Southern New Zealand, Australia and Southern America.
Reasoning (R): Ozone layer thinning in the stratosphere directly influences the increase in global warming.<o:p>

  1. Both Assertion and Reasoning are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both Assertion and Reasoning are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true and R is false.
  4. Both A and R are false.
Question 21 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following energy productions is expected to have the highest value (gm/m2/yr) in a grassland ecosystem?

  1. Secondary production (SP)
  2. Tertiary production (TP)
  3. Gross production (GP)
  4. Net production (NP)
Question 22 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following and choose the correct option given below
A. Cline i. It is an assemblage of closely related interbreeding individuals of a species.
B. Biotype ii. Transient population between species having the same genotypes and species having different genotypes.
C. Ecotype iii. Group of individuals of a species having the same genotype.
D. Deme iv. Genetically different populations of a species colonizing different specific habitat.
  1. A – iv, B – iii, C – ii, D – i
  2. A – ii, B – iii, C – iv, D – i
  3. A – iii, B – ii, C – iv, D – i
  4. A – iii, B – iv, C – i, D – ii
Question 23 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following and choose the correct option given below.

 
Column I Column II
A. Euphotic zone i. Plankton and nekton
B. Pelagic zone ii. Bioluminescent organisms
C. Littoral zone iii. Autotrophs and fishes
D. Abyssal zone iv. Photosynthetic autotrophs and organisms seen in low and high tides
  1. A – iv, B – i, C – ii, D – iii
  2. A – ii, B – iii, C – iv, D – i
  3. A – iii, B – ii, C – iv, D – i
  4. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii
Question 24 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following statements are true about elephants and humans?

A. Both are K strategists according to population ecologists.<o:p>
B. Elephants and humans show a long gestatation period during pregnancy.<o:p>
C. Elephants and humans have low basal metabolic rate (BMR).<o:p>
D. Both show long fertile period in their life time.<o:p>
E. Elephants and human show faster growth rate as compared to other animals.

  1. A, B and D
  2. B, C and D
  3. C, D and E
  4. A, B and E
Question 25 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Consider the following statements and choose which of the following are incorrect about the nitrogen cycle?

A. Biological nitrogen fixation amounts to more than 60% of the annual total fixation.<o:p>
B. Nitrogen fixation is achieved industrially by Haber Bosch process.<o:p>
C. Nitrification involves the reduction of nitrogen compounds.<o:p>
D. Decomposers carry out deamination resulting in the release of nitrogen.<o:p>
E. Nitrosomonas reduces ammonia to nitrites.

  1. A and B
  2. B, C and E
  3. C, D and E
  4. D and E
Question 26 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following and choose the correct option given below.

 
A. Steel industry i. Alkalis, ammonium compounds, fatty acids and sulphonated hydrocarbons
B. Detergent industry ii. Putrefied organic matter
C. Paper industry iii. Iron cyanide, cadmium, phenol, mercury, thiocyanide, etc.
D. Food industry iv. Bleaching substances, cellulose fibers, organic acids, etc.
  1. A – iv, B – i, C – ii, D – iii

  2. A – ii, B – iii, C – iv, D – i<o:p></o:p>

  3. A – iii, B – iv, C – ii, D – i<o:p></o:p>

  4. A – iii, B – i, C – iv, D – ii<o:p></o:p>
Question 27 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following statements are true about planktons?

A. They are drifting organisms.<o:p>
B. They have no locomotory organs.<o:p>
C. They may be found on the surface or in deep waters.<o:p>
D. They are mostly pelagic plants and animals.<o:p>
E. They also include some small fishes.

  1. A, B and D
  2. B and E
  3. C, D and E
  4. A, B and E
Question 28 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following correctly defines secondary productivity?

  1. Conversion of physical energy to chemical energy at producer level
  2. Conversion of physical energy to chemical energy at consumer level
  3. Rate at which energy gets stored at consumer level
  4. Rate at which decomposition of organic matter takes place
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