SQL Fundamentals Quiz

In SQL Server, GETDATE() is the built-in function that returns the current system date and time. GetSystemDate() and GetCurrentDateTime() are not standard SQL functions, making B the correct choice.

The subquery 'select top 3 Rtrid from retailer' returns multiple rows, but the WHERE clause uses '=' which expects a single value. Comparing a column to multiple rows with '=' causes an error - you should use 'IN' instead for multiple values.

In SQL Server, GETDATE() is the built-in function that returns the current system date and time. GetSystemDate() and GetCurrentDateTime() are not standard SQL functions.

The expression 25-45 evaluates to -20, and the ABS() function returns the absolute value, which is 20. ABS is a valid SQL Server function that returns the magnitude of a number.

SQL supports various types of joins to combine rows from two or more tables. Inner Join, Left Outer Join, Cross Join, and Self Join are all standard, valid join types available in SQL, making 'All the Above' the correct choice.

SQL Server stored procedures can have multiple OUTPUT parameters. You can define as many output parameters as needed (within practical limits), making B the correct answer.

Triggers are primarily associated with tables and execute in response to INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE operations on that table. While INSTEAD OF triggers can also be created on views, tables are the fundamental object for which triggers are defined.

Group functions (aggregate functions) like MIN(), MAX(), and SUM() operate on multiple rows and return a single result. SQRT() is a scalar function that operates on individual values, returning the square root of a single number, making it the correct answer as 'not a group function'.

The SQL LIKE operator with 'a%' matches any string starting with 'a'. The % wildcard matches zero or more characters. Option A ('%a%') would match any string containing 'a' anywhere. Option B is exact equality. Option C ('%a') matches strings ending with 'a'.

The correct SQL uses WHERE with AND operator to combine two conditions. Option A uses <> which means 'not equal'. Option B has incorrect syntax - column names appear before FROM. The correct syntax is SELECT * FROM table WHERE column1='value1' AND column2='value2'.

The BETWEEN operator in SQL is inclusive - it includes both endpoint values. Option A uses > and < which are exclusive and would exclude 'Hansen' and 'Pettersen'. Option C has incorrect syntax with column names before FROM. The BETWEEN operator is the cleanest solution for range queries.

The ORDER BY keyword is the standard SQL clause used to sort the result-set of a query in ascending or descending order.

The correct SQL syntax uses ORDER BY (not SORT BY) with DESC for descending order. Options A and B use SORT BY which is incorrect. Option D has incomplete DESC keyword and missing BY. The standard syntax is: SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY column DESC.

The correct SQL syntax for inserting a record is INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2...). Option C shows this correctly. Options A and B have incorrect syntax (INSERT VALUES instead of INSERT INTO VALUES, and INSERT ... INTO instead of INSERT INTO ...).

When inserting into specific columns, use INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2...) VALUES (value1, value2...). Option C correctly shows inserting into the LastName column only. Options A and B have incorrect syntax.

The standard SQL syntax to delete specific records from a table is 'DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition'. Thus, 'DELETE FROM Persons WHERE FirstName = 'Peter'' is correct.