The Marathas

Correct Answer: Second Anglo-Maratha War

Raghuji defeated Trichinopoly in December 1740. Unable to resist, Chanda Saheb delivered the fort to Raghuji on 14^th March, 1741. Chanda Saheb and his son were arrested and sent to Nagpur.

The Peshwa was relegated to secondary position after death of Peshwa Madhavrao I. He became the ceremonial king.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha Empire, was known as 'Haindava Dharmodharak' (Protector of Hindu Dharma). He established Hindavi Swaraj (self-rule for Hindus) and championed Hindu causes against Mughal rule. Shahu was a later ruler, Shambhaji was Shivaji's son, and Nana Saheb was a Peshwa - none primarily associated with this specific title.

The Marathas were from the WESTERN Deccan (present-day Maharashtra), not eastern. This makes statement A false - it's the 'not true' statement as asked. Statements B, C, and D are true: Marathas did end Mughal rule, Shivaji founded the empire with Raigad as capital, and the 27-year war (1681-1707) is indeed India's longest war.

In the Maratha administrative system, Majumdar was the title for the Revenue and Finance Minister who was responsible for overseeing revenue collection and financial matters of the state. This position was crucial for maintaining the empire's economic stability.

The Treaty of Purandhar was signed in 1665 between Shivaji Maharaj and the Mughal representative Raja Jai Singh. This treaty required Shivaji to surrender 23 forts and pay tribute to the Mughals in exchange for recognition of his authority over remaining territories.

Following the disintegration of the Maratha Empire after the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Holkar dynasty established control over the Indore and Malwa regions. Malhar Rao Holkar and later his successors consolidated their power in this area, making it their primary domain.

Balaji Baji Rao, son of Baji Rao I, was popularly known as Nana Saheb. He served as the Peshwa of the Maratha Empire from 1740 to 1761 and led the empire to its greatest territorial extent before the disastrous Third Battle of Panipat.

In the wake of the Afghan withdrawal after Ahmed Shah Abdali's plunder of Delhi in 1756, Delhi was captured by the Maratha army under Raghunath Rao in August 1757 defeating Afghan Garrison in the Battle of Delhi. This laid the foundation for the Maratha conquest of Northwest India.

In the Maratha administrative system, the Sumant or Dabir was the foreign minister responsible for managing diplomatic relations, receiving ambassadors from other states, and handling matters related to external affairs and interstate correspondence.

Ramaraja, the son of Rajaram and Tarabai, was known as Shivaji II.

Lord Hastings was determined to proclaim British paramountary in India. His moves against the Pindaris transgressed the sovereignty of the Maratha chief and the third Anglo-Maratha war began in 1817.

Correct Answer: Madhavrao

Correct answer is (3).