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Ecology

GATE: Life Sciences: Zoology: Ecology

17 Questions Published
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Questions

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) is an air pollutant. From where is it released?

  1. Metal & chemical industries
  2. Coal mine
  3. Paper mills
  4. Automobile exhaust
  5. Industrial source
Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What are the two components of ecosystem?

  1. Flora & fauna
  2. Plants & animals
  3. Biotic & abiotic
  4. Trees & wild plants
  5. Producers & consumers
Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In ecology, the term “Carrying capacity” means:

  1. capability of carrying by a group of individual at a given space
  2. the size of population that can be sustained indefinitely on available environmental resources
  3. the power of tolerance
  4. ability to take action in favor of nature for survival
  5. the ability of carrying by an individual
Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Correctly match the following pairs given in two columns:
Column-I Column-II

  1. Clostridium A. Fixes nitrogen
  2. Yeast B. Produces muscular paralysis
  3. Myxomycetes C. group of fungi that form mutual beneficial relation with other plants
  4. Rhizobium D. causes conversion of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide & alcohol
  5. Mycorrhizae E. have both dry & wet spores
  1. 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D, 5E
  2. 1B, 2D, 3E, 4A, 5C
  3. 1C, 2A, 3B, 4E, 5D
  4. 1D, 2C, 3A, 4B, 5E
  5. 1E, 2A, 3D, 4C, 5B
Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

In a newly grown pond or lake, the development of similar biotic communities is called hydrosere. What are the sucession stages of hydrosere?

  1. primary, secondary & finally matured
  2. Seed Germination, development of vegetation, flowering & seed- development of fruits, matured plants
  3. Preparing and completing compost, spawning, casing, pinning and cropping
  4. Phytoplankton, rooted submerged, floating, reed-swamp, sedge meadow, woodland and climax stage
  5. Germination, seedling, growth of vegetation, preflowering followed by flowering and finally seed
Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

One of the most harmful effects of global warming is:

  1. decay of different materials like modern buildings, statues, roads due to rising temperature
  2. hurricanes become more frequent & stronger
  3. increased rate of green house gases in air, which forms large hole in ozone (O3) layer
  4. earth is tilted at angle 23.50
  5. warming up of the environment due to increase in the use of fossil fuel in different industries
Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is environmental degradation?

  1. It is the process of cutting large trees for fuel, wood and most importantly paper products.
  2. It is the process which strongly affects land by reducing its effective functioning & productive capability.
  3. Effect due to some undesirable changes in the physical, chemical & biological characteristics of soil.
  4. It is the process of deterioration of the environment due to depletion of the natural resources like air, water & soil.
  5. It is the destruction of a population at a given region.
Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Carbon cycle was discovered by:

  1. Tansley
  2. Charles Elton
  3. Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier
  4. Carl Wilhelm Scheele
  5. Clarke
Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is niche?

  1. It defines our physical surroundings like air, water bodies, soil and all the organisms such as plants, animals, human beings and micro-organisms like bacteria.
  2. It describes the relational place occupied by a species or a population in its ecosystem.
  3. It defines physical space occupied as well as functional role played by an organism in the community.
  4. It describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors.
  5. It defines the physical environment or the place where an organism lives or is found.
Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following two columns:
Column-I Column-II
1. Obligatory Parasites A. Constant water
2. Symbiosis B. Slow growth phase
3. Neritic zone C. They survive within a host & directly pass from one to the another
4. Facultative parasites D. interaction between two biological species for their survival
5. Lag phase E. free living & accidentally infect a host

  1. 1A, 2B, 3C, 4D, 5E
  2. 1B, 2A, 3E, 4C, 5D
  3. 1C, 2D, 3A, 4E, 5B
  4. 1D, 2C, 3D, 4A, 5B
  5. 1E, 2A, 3B, 4C, 5D
Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What do you mean by secondary succession?

Ecological succession is the process of changes in the species structure of an ecological community over time. Within any community some species may become less abundant over some time, or they may even disappear from the ecosystem. Similarly, over some time interval, other species within the community may become more abundant, or new species may appear in the community from adjacent ecosystems.

  1. It defines the dominant organisms that are autotrophs, and it starts in an inorganic environment.
  2. It starts on a substance where there are no living organisms.
  3. It establishes that the causative factor behind succession is not the community itself but the physical surrounding.
  4. It describes the phenomenon whereby the organisms of a community modify the environment in such a way that the community itself is replaced by a new one.
  5. It begins on a substratum where there was living organism previously but has diminished due to some natural disaster.
Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is niche width?

In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in its ecosystem to each other; The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors and how it in turn alters those same factors. It can be of different types: Fundamental niche, Realized niche, Ecological niche, Spatial Niche, Trophic niche.

  1. It defines the range of population that responds to the distribution of resources.
  2. It refers to the variety of physical environment or the place where an organism lives.
  3. It refers to the differentiation of niche to avoid competition.
  4. It refers to the range of resources that an organism can use.
  5. Variety of population at a given region.
Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is actually meant by the term fundamental niche?

In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in its ecosystem to each other; The ecological niche describes how an organism or population responds to the distribution of resources and competitors and how it in turn alters those same factors. It can be of different types: Fundamental niche, Realized niche, Ecological niche, Spatial Niche, Trophic niche.

  1. It refers to an actual niche space occupied by organisms exposed to competition.
  2. It is the ultimate distributional unit within which no two species in the same general territory can occupy for long the same ecological niche.
  3. It represents niche in terms of functional status of organisms in community.
  4. It is the physical space occupied by organisms.
  5. Fundamental niche can be defined as a niche that the species can occupy when the species are not restricted by degree of competition and predation.
Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is the actual reason behind this depletion?

Ozone gas absorbs the UV-radiation of Sun and gets converted into oxygen (O2). This prevents mutagenic activities of UV-radiation of the living world. So, ozone layer is indispensible to safe life & the depletion of ozone layer due to manmade activities could be catastrophic.

  1. Excessive contamination of different environmental resources
  2. Construction of building and continuous civilization
  3. Many modern techniques which result in degradation & environmental pollution
  4. Production and release of CFC (chlorofluorocarbons) from different industrial chemicals
  5. Exhaust fumes of automobiles & radioactive contamination of air
Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is plant succession?

Ecological succession is the process of changes in the species structure of an ecological community over time. Within any community some species may become less abundant over some time, or they may even disappear from the ecosystem. Similarly, over some time interval, other species within the community may become more abundant, or new species may appear in the community from adjacent ecosystems.

  1. It includes the plants that develop themselves for the first time on a surface.
  2. It begins as soon as a land area capable of supporting plant life is formed.
  3. Successive development of plants.
  4. It includes dominant plants which are heterotrophs; and it starts in an organic environment, where the energy and organic matter gradually decrease.
  5. It is the change in the species structure of an ecological community of a plant species.
Question 16 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is detritus food chain?

Grazing food chain supplements energy to the ecosystem. It imposes inorganic nutrients. Detritus food chain obtains food energy from the detritus & prevents its loss. It helps in emitting inorganic nutrients for cycling.

  1. Transmission of energy from one trophic level to the next.
  2. Detritus food chain starts with organic matter that are no longer alive & move through the detritus feeding organisms in land to those organisms which are detritus feeders.
  3. Graphical representation of trophic structure & functions at consecutive trophic level.
  4. Various interconnected food chains through which food energy is transmitted to the ecosystem.
  5. It is the chain of debris.
Question 17 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What is grazing food chain?

Grazing food chain supplements energy to the ecosystem. It imposes inorganic nutrients. Detritus food chain obtains food energy from the detritus & prevents its loss. It helps in emitting inorganic nutrients for cycling.

  1. Food chain made by grazing animals.
  2. Number of different related food chains where the food energy is passed to the ecosystem.
  3. It begins with green vegetation & transfers to herbivorous primary consumers & ultimately ends with carnivores.
  4. It is the transmission of energy by grazing animals.
  5. It is a chain of different food items for grazing animals.
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