CCNA Practice Test - 22

The ACL command 'permit tcp 10.25.132.0 0.0.0.255 any eq smtp' permits TCP traffic from source network 10.25.132.0/24 (wildcard mask 0.0.0.255) to any destination, but only for port 25 (SMTP). Option A is wrong because it reverses source/destination. Option B is wrong because it specifies Telnet (port 23) and the wrong network. Option C is wrong because it claims 'any port' when only SMTP (25) is permitted. Option D correctly identifies that traffic from 10.25.132.0/24 using port 25 can go to any destination.

In Cisco IP telephony, voice VLANs must be configured on the switch port connected to the IP phone. The IP phone tags voice traffic with the voice VLAN ID while data traffic passes through untagged or with a data VLAN. Option A is wrong because voice VLAN carries only tagged voice traffic. Option B is wrong because voice VLAN carries tagged traffic, not untagged. Option D is wrong because voice and data use different VLAN IDs. Option C correctly states that the voice VLAN must be configured on the switch port.

RIP uses hop count as its metric and has a maximum of 15 hops (16 is unreachable). Looking at the paths: Path A-B-C-E has 3 hops (A->B, B->C, C->E). Path A-D-E has only 2 hops (A->D, D->E). RIP will choose the path with the lowest hop count, so it will use A->D->E. Option A is wrong because it has more hops. Option C is wrong because RIP doesn't load balance by default across unequal-cost paths. Option D is wrong because RIP doesn't alternate paths based on packet order.

ESS (Extended Service Set) is a wireless topology where multiple access points are connected to the same wired network and share the same SSID, enabling seamless roaming. IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set), also called ad hoc mode, is a peer-to-peer network between wireless devices without an access point. Ad hoc (C) is the same as IBSS. Only ESS (A) supports roaming between access points because stations can move between APs while maintaining connectivity to the same network.

When network services fail, in-band management access typically uses the Ethernet port. The console port (C) requires physical access and a console cable, which isn't always available. AUX (A) is a modem port for remote out-of-band access. Telnet (D) and SSH (E) are application-layer protocols that require network services to be functioning. If network services are down, you can't Telnet or SSH. The Ethernet port (B) is the correct answer because it provides in-band management access and doesn't depend on the failed network services - you can connect directly to the router's Ethernet interface for management.

This mode forwards the frame before receiving it in its entirety to reduce latency.

Router B will use its default route when no more specific route matches the destination. The packet's destination address 10.16.1.97 does not match any specific route in the routing table (likely only has the route to 10.16.1.64/26 and a default route). With ip classless behavior, the router uses the default route rather than dropping the packet.

A router implements classless route lookup when a classless routing protocol is configured. RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS are classless protocols that include subnet mask information in routing updates. The ip classless command controls forwarding behavior but doesn't determine the routing protocol's classless nature.

In wildcard masks, a 0 bit means the corresponding IP address bit must match exactly, while a 1 bit means 'don't care' - the bit can be any value. This is the opposite of subnet masks, where 1 means network portion and 0 means host portion. Wildcard masks are commonly used in access control lists and OSPF configuration.

RIPv1 is a classful routing protocol that does not include subnet mask information in its updates. When network 10.1.0.0 is configured, RIPv1 advertises the entire classful network 10.0.0.0/8 because it assumes all subnets within that classful network belong to the same major network. This is a limitation of classful protocols.