Heredity and Genetics

(i) Statement (1) is correct. Gregor Mendel is known as the 'Father of Genetics'.
(iii) Statement (2) is incorrect. The total number of chromosomes in humans is 46, out of which 44 are autosomes and two are sex determining chromosomes, i.e. X and Y.

(I) Statement (1) is incorrect. In India, the headquarter of UNIGEN (United Genetics Pvt. Ltd.) is located at Bangalore.
(II) Statement (2) is correct. UNIGEN (United Genetics Pvt. Ltd.) is involved in the production of hybrid seeds to get the desirable traits in the vegetables.

Statement (1) is incorrect. Dr. Hargobind Khorana was a biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that helped to show how the nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell, control the cell's synthesis of proteins.

Statement (2) is correct. Dolly was the first cloned sheep at the Roslin Institute of Scotland who born in 1996.

Statement (1) is incorrect. Cloning is a process used to make an identical copy of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms.
Statement (2) is incorrect.  A gene is a subunit of DNA, which is a further subunit of chromosome.

Statement (1) is incorrect. In ‘Bt cotton and Bt brinjal’, the common term ‘Bt’ refers to as Bacillus thuringiensis, a common soil bacterium.
When Bt is placed before a plant name, such as in Bt Brinjal, it means the plant has been genetically modified to produce a protein toxic to certain insects in the same way the bacteria does.
Statement (2) is also incorrect. The twins whose bodies are joined together at birth are called conjoined/ Siamese twins.

Intelligence is an inheritable trait, but it varies with the change in environmental conditions. Tongue (rolling or non-rolling), eye colour (black, brown and grey), ear lobes (free and attached) are also inheritable traits.

Statement (1) is incorrect. 'Noori' - The Pashmina Goat is cloned at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir).
Statement (2) is correct. On 25^th January 2013, Mahima; a female calf was born from cloned buffalo Garima. In the world, it is the first calf born from cloned buffaloes produced through hand guided cloning technique.

Statement (1) is incorrect. Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), an Indian Biotechnology research center, is located in Hyderabad.
Statement (2) is also incorrect. The change in genetic makeup takes place only during the sexual reproduction.
In vegetative propagation, a part/portion of a plant is cultivated that gives rise to the new plant.
E.g. Bud grafting, layering, etc

Statement (1) is correct. Selective breeding (also called artificial selection and unnatural selection) is the process of is the process of insertion of genes in plants and animals for desirable traits.
Statement 2 is incorrect. DNA fingerprinting was started by Alec Jeffrey in UK.

Statement 1 is correct. Colour blindness is an inherited disorder, which is mainly transferred from father to son.
Statement 2 is also correct. The three given disorders are caused due to defective haemoglobin, which are transferred from mother to the fetus through blood.

Statement (1) is correct. Mutagens are the chemicals, which can cause the genetic variation. For example, nitrous acid, alkylating agents,etc.
Statement (2) is also correct. The ionising radiations (X-rays, gamma rays, cosmic rays, etc.) can cause the genetic variation.

Statement (1) is correct. A genome is the complete collection of hereditary information for an individual organism.
Statement (2) is also correct. Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale).

Statement (1) is correct. Heredity is not responsible for the development of new species.
Statement (2) is also correct. The human traits are influenced from the DNA of both mother and father.

A DNA molecule is mainly composed of nitrogen, phosphorous, hydrogen, oxygen, etc.

There is an equally likely (50-50) chance of conceiving a boy or a girl. The male is responsible for determining the sex of a child.