Animal Anatomy and Physiology

Lungs and tissues would receive blood with the same amount of oxygen. It occurs in amphibian’s heart where lungs and tissues both are supplied with same amount of blood.

Glucocorticoids increase the formation of glucose by increasing neoglucogenesis in tissues.

As in resting potential 3Na⁺ remains at the outer side and 2K⁺ in the inner side of the plasma membrane. Hence, inner side is negative at the start and as impulse is transmitted through axon Na channels open and Na⁺ rushes in causing depolarization, i.e.  inside positive. When the impulse is transmitted completely, K channels open and K⁺ rushes out to cause repolarization, i.e. negative inside.

When the stimulus exceeds a threshold value,  the receptors release an impulse to the neuron connected to it and that sensory neuron transmits the impulse to the central nervous system, i.e. brain or spinal cord. They evaluate and analyze the impulse and send it to specific effectors in muscle, which ultimately respond to the stimulus by contracting specific organ or organs.

In this type of contraction, the length of the muscle remains unaltered and no displacement of organ occurs.

The thick filament produces head-like cross bridge or myosin head, which binds with actin during muscle contraction.

Negative feedback occurs when the result of a process influences the operation of the process itself in such a way so as to reduce changes. Negative feedback tends to make a system self-regulating, i.e. it can produce stability and reduce the effect of fluctuations. Negative feedback loops where just the right amount of correction is applied in the most timely manner. It can be very stable, accurate and responsive.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the choroid plexus but drains into sub-arachnoidal space and ventricular system.

In leucopenia, the total number of leucocytes decreases below 5000/cu mm. Lowering in the total count (TC) and differential count (DC) of WBC results into leucopenia.

It is the pH of pepsin at which it acts on casein in stomach.

It causes ventricular systole, i.e. blood is ejected out of the ventricles in the pulmonary and systemic circulation respectively.

Molluscs have myogenic heart as their heart is driven by muscular force.
Heart of shark is branchial heart as it is connected with branchial arch of gill.
Limulus heart is neurogenic because the driving force of it is created by nerves.
As human heart is supplied by oxygenated blood from lungs, it is known as pulmonary heart.

This denotes the type of muscle based on its function. This muscle increases the angle of a joint. Contraction of this muscle returns the parts from flexor to normal position, e.g. triceps.

Precipitation of uric acid in renal tubules of nephrons causes kidney stone on solidification. Sebum is secreted from sebaceous glands. Renin is an enzyme that is secreted from granular cells of juxta glomerular apparatus of nephrons of kidney, which causes regulation of the body's mean arterial blood pressure. Erythropoesis is the formation of red blood cells from bone marrow.

Occulomotor is third cranial nerve. It’s function is eyeball movement, accommodation of eye lens and proprioception.

It carries cardiac impulse produced in SA node to AV node. Hence, it initiates systole in ventricles.

Trochlear, the fourth cranial nerve, having distribution at superior oblique eye muscle helps in eyeball movement.

Carboxypeptidase performs proteolytic function in intestine and has optimum pH of 7.5. It breaks amino acids from the C-terminal end of polypeptides.

The correct composition is water 75%, protein 20%, minerals and organic compounds 5%. Minerals comprise of chiefly K+, Mg++, P+++, Na+ and Ca++. Organic compounds are present in form of glycogen, lipids, steroids and non-protein nitrogenous compounds.

This is the correct answer.