Computer Fundamentals and Networking

1. Physical layer
2. Data link layer
3. Transport layer
4. Network layer
5. Session layer
6. Presentation layer
7. Application layer

CGI stands for Common Gateway Interface, which is a standard protocol for web servers to execute external programs and generate dynamic content. Computer Graphic Interface and Computer General Information are not standard terms, while Common Graphic Interface is a distractor.

SAN stands for Storage Area Network, which is a high-speed network that provides access to block-level storage. Signal Array Network, Save All Network, and Sell Arch Network are not valid technical terms. SAN is a fundamental concept in enterprise storage architecture.

UPS stands for Uninterruptible Power Supply, which provides emergency power when the main power fails. Universal Power System and Ultraviolet Power Supply are not standard terms. While 'System' might seem plausible, the standard industry term is 'Supply'.

A Network Interface Card (NIC) is the physical hardware component installed in a workstation that enables it to connect to a local area network.

Web browsers and web servers are distinct programs - browsers request and display web pages, while servers host and deliver them. They can run on the same machine (localhost testing is common). Options A, B, and C are all incorrect statements about browser-server relationships.

ATM in networking stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a high-speed networking technology that uses fixed-size cells for data transmission. 'Automatic teller machine' is the common banking meaning of ATM, not networking. The other options are fabricated terms.

A valid IPv4 address has four octets, each between 0 and 255. Option C (10.10.25.25) satisfies this rule. Options A, B, and D have octets exceeding 255 (256, 257, 258), making them invalid.

It provides the inter connectivity between different platforms/hardwares.

 Both of them are web browsers.

LAN stands for Local Area Network, a network connecting devices in a limited area. Options C and D incorrectly use 'Large', and option B truncates 'Network' to 'Net'.