Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

This system involves the exchange of both matter and energy with the surroundings. Since human body exchanges both matter and energy with the surroundings, it is an open system.

The process that occurs without gain or loss of heat is called adiabatic process. The inner container is covered with an outer cover with no air in between. So, there is no conduction of heat from outside to the inner layer.

Coolant is a fluid, which flows through the engine to prevent its overheating. It is also called ‘anti-freeze’, which keeps the water that cools the engine from freezing.

Intensive property is the property which depend only upon the nature of substance and are independent of the amount of the substance present in the sytem. Pressure, density, surface tension and temperature are intensive property but volume is not an intensive property.

Salt acts as anti-freeze. Water becomes ice at a temperature of 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius) and adding salt to water lowers the freezing point, thus preventing the formation of ice.

An air conditioner is composed of three main parts: compressor, condenser and evaporator. Radiator is a component of motor engine.

A layer of mud and straw is laid over the roof of the house in between the concrete and brick tiles. This layer does not conduct heat due to sun rays into the room of the house through the roof and helps to keep the room cool in summer.

Freon is a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-113).
In addition to being used in air conditioning systems, it is also used as refrigerant in refrigerators and freezers and also in firefighting systems, and as an aerosol propellant.

Among all the options, plastic gets condensed while heating and the others expand.

The atmosphere above a icy cold river depicts inversion of temperature with warm air at the top and cold air near the surface of the river. Warm moist air does rise above a river but expands and cools down and as condensation occurs the air becomes denser and it sinks to lower levels with warm air at the top. If the rising smoke is denser than the upper warm air, it is not able to rise further but spreads out in flat layers.

A system which can exchange matter as well as energy with the surroundings is called an open system. For example, water in a pond as it can gain or lose matter and energy with the surroundings.

Radiation heat transfer is concerned with the exchange of thermal radiation energy between two or more bodies. No medium is required for heat transfer by radiation; the radiation can travel through vacuum. For example, the heat is transferred from the sun to the earth by this method.

 Two thin blankets are warmer than a single blanket of same thickness as the two because some air sheet is enclosed in between them preventing heat flow .

A calorimeter is an object used for calorimetry or the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes.