Reproductive System

The seminal vesicles produce a yellowish viscous fluid that contains high concentration of sperm activating chemicals such as fructose. Fructose in semen reflects the secretory function of seminal vesicles.

The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. The gonads in males are the testes and the gonads in females are the ovaries.

Styrene is a suspected reproductive toxicant and exposure to it has the potential to negatively affect the human reproductive system. Styrene is used in the manufacture of plastics, rubber, and resins.

Impotency often called erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or maintain an erection long enough to engage in sexual intercourse.

The prostate gland is an exocrine gland present in the human male reproductive system. It is actually made up of a bunch of minuscule glands surrounded by a fibrous sheathing tissue called as prostatic capsule. This capsule is surrounded by a protective layer of fat.

The mesonephric duct also known as wolffian duct is a paired organ found in mammals including humans during embryogenesis.

A cloaca is the posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts of certain animal species. All amphibians;, birds, reptiles, and monotremes possess this orifice from which they excrete both urine and feces.

The gonad is the organ that makes gametes. The gonads in males are the testes and the gonads in females are the ovaries.

In asexual reproduction, an individual can reproduce without involvement of another individual of that species. The division of a bacterial cell into two daughter cells is an example of asexual reproduction.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone produced during pregnancy, which is made by developing placenta after conception and later by the placental component syncytiotrophoblast. HCG is secreted to increase ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone and to stop the menstrual periods.

Puberty is the process of physical changes by which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction to enable fertilisation. The state at which the gonads come to maturity relative to their endocrine and gametogenic potential for reproductive function is referred to as puberty.

In menstrual cycle, estrogen causes eggs to mature and thickens the lining of the womb. In menstrual cycle, progesterone thickens the womb lining to prepare for implantation of an embryo (fertilized egg). Bleeding occurs after estrogen and progesterone levels decrease at the end of the previous cycle. This decrease causes the top layers of thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) to break down and be shed.

The duct from each seminal vesicle joins the corresponding vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct, which then passes between the lobes of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra.

Tubectomy is the surgical procedure for permanent contraception to prevent future pregnancy in women.

The hypothalamus is a region of brain. It contains several types of neurons responsible for secreting different hormones. GnRH is a peptide of 10 amino acids. Its secretion at the onset of puberty triggers sexual development and is essential for normal sexual physiology in both males and females.

The myometrium is the middle layer of the uterine wall consisting mainly of uterine smooth muscle cells but also of supporting stromal and vascular tissues. Its main function is to induce uterine contractions. The myometrium is located between endometrium (the inner layer of the uterine wall) and serosa or perimetrium (the outer uterine layer).

Semen is a very viscous fluid. It clots readily due to the presence of fibrinogen but the clot is rapidly broken down by fibrinolysin of prostatic fluid. This enzyme can liquify the congealed semen after ejaculation.

Menorrhagia is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period at regular intervals. Menorrhagia can be caused by abnormal blood clotting, disruption of normal hormonal regulation of periods or disorders of the endometrial lining of the uterus.

The tunica albuginea is a membrane within the penis that helps to sustain erections. The term is also used to refer the connective tissue covering the testicles or the ovaries.

Graffian follicles start out as immature structures called primordial follicles. These are present in females from birth and each contains a single egg cell or oocyte surrounded by a layer of follicular cells. At the beginning of every menstrual cycle, a number of primordial follicles grow larger and each one creates a fluid filled space around its ovum.