Oncology and Medical Cancer Biology

Phospholipids are phosphorus-containing lipids, such as lecithin and cephalin that are composed mainly of fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Chemically DPL is phospholipid. Phospholipid is the main component of biological membranes.

The L : S ratio was the first test to assess fetal lung maturity. Sufficient amniotic fluid is required for accurate assessment of fetal lung maturity. It is regarded as the best single assessment of fetal lung maturity.

Haematemesis is vomiting of blood, either bright or altered blood due to the action of acid on the blood. It is not seen in the sufferers of progressive prostate cancer.

Myelosuppression is a medical condition where the bone marrow activity is decreased, resulting in fewer red blood cells. It is a major side effect of chemotherapy.

It is correct. In the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer, docetaxel and prednisolone have been shown to increase median survival of the prostrate patients by 3 to 4 months .

Nulliparity is defined as the state of not bearing offspring. The risk factors for ovarian cancer include increased age and nulliparity of the females.

Bowel obstruction is an obstruction of the intestines, preventing the normal transit of the products of digestion. It is common and is usually managed medically using subcutaneous medication given via a syringe driver.

Breathlessness is a common problem for those with lung cancer. Nebulised opioids have been found to be no more effective than inhaled saline.

In management of prostate cancer which is confined to the prostate gland, active surveillance is a genuine approach, as are prostatectomy and radiotherapy.

This is a correct statement . The response rate to platinum chemotherapy is approximately 50 to 60% in those who relapse more than 2 years after completion of platinum based first line chemotherapy.

Chest pain can happen in adults for a variety of reasons. Chest pain is associtaed mainly with heart attack, angina, heartburn, pulmonary embolism etc but it is not observed in ovarian cancers.

As mesothelioma is often associated to the exposure to asbestos, if a person dies from it then it is the duty of a coroner to find out if the death was due to the deceased being exposed to asbestos in a workplace or in the surroundings.

It is the correct statement .The lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer is 30%, and it accounts for approximately 30% of all cancers in men.

It is a correct statement. A prophylactic orthopaedic intervention is essential for bone abrasions at high risk of fracture.

Hormone therapy is one of the major modulus of medical treatment for cancer. It is the most commonly used systemic treatment and produces responses in around 70% of males who have bone metastases.