Plant Biology and Agriculture

(1) Plants are called 'producers of energy' because they start the food chain by synthesizing food in the presence of sunlight.

Mixed farming is a system of farming which includes crop production, raising of livestock, etc. on a particular farm.

(i) Statement (1) is wrong. Wheat is a Rabi crop.
(ii) Statement (2) is correct. The most common disease of wheat plant is Loose smut of wheat. It is a fungal disease, which infects the flowering of plant and reduces the yield.
(iii) Statement (3) is wrong. In 2012, wheat was the second most produced crop of the world, after maize.

Fructose and glucose are simple carbohydrates - simple sugars which are responsible for generation of cellular energy, energy storage and are used as intermediates for the production of more complex biological molecules.

Statement (1) is correct. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from male flower to female flower.
Statement (2) is wrong. Aquatic plants also show pollination. The male flowers release pollen into water which reaches the female plant by water current. This is one of the types of pollination named hydrophilly.

Statement 1 is wrong. The leguminous crops are cultivated to fix nitrogen in soil.
Statement 2 is wrong. The common examples of leguminous crops are pulses, beans and peas.

Agent Orange—or Herbicide Orange (HO)—is one of the herbicides and defoliants used by the U.S. military as part of its herbicidal warfare program, Operation Ranch Hand, during the Vietnam War from 1961 to 1971. It was a mixture of equal parts of two herbicides, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D.
According to a study by one Vietnamese scientist, Dr. Nguyen Viet Nhan, children in the areas where Agent Orange was used have been affected and have multiple health problems, including cleft palate, mental disabilities, hernias, and extra fingers and toes.
Hence, it was banned.

Statement 1 is correct. The floral bud of clove plant is used as spice.
Statement 2 is wrong. The most prominent use of clove oil is in dental care.

Only the fruit of a banyan tree is edible. The leaves and stem are also useful, but we cannot eat them.

(1) Chloroplast is a plant cell organelle that contains the green coloured pigment called chlorophyll.

(i) Transpiration is the loss of water from plants in the form of water vapour.

Statement 1 is correct. Transpiration is responsible for the movement of water from roots to leaves by ascent of sap.

Statement 2 is correct. Transpiration provides cooling effect to plants because the escaping water vapour carries away the heat energy.

Statement 3 is correct. Transpiration maintains the level of water in plant body.

Statement 4 is wrong. Plants absorb nutrients from soil by root pressure. 

Plants will undergo wilting in case of deficiency of water in the plant body.

1. In case of high temperature, the transpiration rate is more than than absorption of water, which causes water deficiency.
2. In case of high humidity, the transpiration rate decreases and it does not cause deficient gradient.
3. Similarly in case of heavy rainfall, the transpiration rate decreases and it does not cause deficient gradient.

Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia) is an anti-inflammatory (that reduces inflammation) and antipyretic (that reduces fever) herb. They are helpful in building up the immune system and the body's defense against infecting organisms. Therefore, Giloy satva is recommended to cure dengue or other viral fever.

(I)   Statement (1) is correct. A seed which is just waiting for favorable environmental condition to germinate is called dormant seed and this period is called dormancy.
(II)  Statement (2) is incorrect. The national tree of India is Ficus bengalensis, i.e. Banyan Tree.