Environmental Science: Plants and Animals

Consumers are the second link in a food chain. There are three levels of consumers, primary consumer, secondary consumer and tertiary consumer. All animals that eat plants become the primary consumers. After primary consumers, there are secondary consumers who eat primary consumers, like bear and snake.

Insects breathe through a branched network of tubes called tracheae that open out onto the chest and abdomen. Oxygen is pulled into the body through openings in their abdomens called spiracles. Once the oxygen has been pulled in, the outermost vents close and the air is forced into increasingly smaller pipes known as tubules, until it reaches the required cells.
Lungs are a pair of large organs in our chest and are a part of our respiratory system. All vertebrate animals, which live on land, have lungs.

Stomata are minute apertures on plants, found typically on the outer leaf skin. 

Although plants are living organisms, but they are fixed to the ground, so they do not show movement.

Terrestrial plants and animals are those who live on land.They show special feature that help them to adapt with their environment. Grasses, herbs, trees and most of the animals come under this category.

The stem of cactus plant is very fleshy, it stores water and uses it very slowly in dry conditions.

An animal that is an omnivore eats both plants and animals. A list of some omnivores include pigs, mice, bears, rats and human beings.

The Venus flytrap is a small carnivorous plant as it eat insects. Each trap on a Venus flytrap plant has sensitive hairs that signal the plant when it is touched and cause it to close quickly. The sweet-scented leaves attract insects.

Animals like lizard, fish and snakes have scales on their bodies. These scales are hard and protect them from other animals.

Earthworms breathe through their skin. Gas exchange takes place directly through their skin. This allows the worm breath because they do not have lungs.

Locomotion refers to the forms of movement that animals naturally use like flying, swimming, gliding, galloping, hopping, etc.

Silk scarf is obtained from silk thread, and silk thread is obtained from silk worm, which is a living thing.

Energy passes from one animal to another as they eat plants or one another. This flow of energy from one living thing to another is called a food chain. Food chain shows how organisms depend on each other for food or we can say how the food transfers from one organism to another.

Transpiration is a continuous process caused by the evaporation of water from leaves of plants. Leaves also provide trees with all their food because they turn sunlight into food energy through photosynthesis.

Sensitivity means when the things respond to the changes in the surroundings. A plant usually responds to change as it moves or bends towards sunlight. This shows that plants are sensitive and can respond to the changes that occur in surroundings.