Green Chemistry and its Applications - 3

This option is correct because instead of using Lewis Acids for Friedal Craft Acylation we use 'Near-Critical' water which is very hot but still liquid water at temperatures of 250ᵒC to 300ᵒC and pressure of 6.89 MPa.

This option is correct as all the given options comes under the principles of green chemistry as described below:
Prevention: It is better to prevent waste that to treat or clean up waste once it has been produced.
Design of safer Chemicals: Chemical products should be designed to effect their desired function while minimizing their toxicity.
Atom Economy: Synthetic methods should be designed to maximize incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.

This option is correct because PLA belongs to family of aliphatic polymers commonly made from ل-hydroxy acids, which includes polyglycolic acid and polymandelic acid.

This option is correct because under the principle of reducing derivatives it has been said that Unnecessary derivatization (Use of blocking groups, protection/deprotection, and temporary modification of physical/chemical processes) should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional reagents and generate waste.

This option is correct as green solvents have low water solubility (<5 wt% in solvent).

This option is correct because it evaluates the efficiency of chemical transformation. Similar to yield calculation, atom economy is a ratio of total mass of atoms in desired product to the total mass of atoms in the reactants. Hence it evaluates the efficiency of chemical transformation.

This option is correct because in order to achieve safer design of chemicals we must minimize bioavailability as we know that bioavailability is the ability of chemical constituents to enter the various biological systems and organs, hence to ensure safer chemical design it must be minimized as toxic substance needs to enter the body in order to cause any type of harm.

This option is correct because the materials produced from microwave assisted step growth polymerization possess rigid structure which makes them hardly soluble in organic solvents.

This option is correct because the component of an ionic liquid is constrained by columbic forces and hence don't exert any vapor pressure over the liquid surface.

This option is correct because polyester composites have petroleum based source and non-biodegradable nature of polymer matrix.

This option is correct because gasification involves a group of processes that turn biomass into combustible gas by breaking apart the biomass using heat and pressure to produce a combustible gas. The gases can be used as fuel or feedstock material.

This option is correct because Saccharification is the process of hydrolyzing a complex carbohydrate into a simple soluble fermented sugar. Starch or oligosaccharides can be saccharified to produce glucose using glucosmylase enzyme.

This option is correct because for an ideal biomass it should have high polysaccharide content.

This option is correct because 2-methyltetrahydrofuran possess low heat of vaporization which have following advantages:

1. Less solvent loss during reaction reflux.
2. Saves energy during distillation and recovery.

This option is correct because Lacasses are a group of oxidative enzymes as they catalyze monoeletronic oxidation of substrates as the expense of molecular oxygen.