d-Block Elements

Bell metal is an alloy and consists of Cu = 80%, Sn = 20%. Wood metal consists of Bi = 50%, Pb = 25%, Sn = 12.5% & Cd = 12.5% and is used in the making of automatic sprinkles as it melts in hot water (m.p.= 68 oC). Duralumin is used in the manufacturing of aeroplane parts and consists of Al = 95.5%, Cu = 4%, Mg = 0.5% and Mn = 0.5%.

Ground state term for Mn⁴⁺ is ⁶S_5/2.  Ground state term for Fe²⁺ is ⁵D₄. Ground state term for Co³⁺ is ⁵D₄.

The percentage of copper in Azurite, (2CuCO₃.Cu(OH)₂) is 55.1%. Hence, azurite is the least pure among all the given minerals.

Both R and S have dsp³ hybridisation and trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ have d⁵ and d⁶ electronic configurations and both are in high spin ligand system. The term symbol is calculated by the formula-
^2s+1L_J
For d⁵, n = 5s = n/2 = 5/2
2s+1 = 6
L = 0 = S
J = (L+s) to (L-s) = 5/2
Possible term symbol for Fe³⁺ = ⁶S_5/2
Similarly, possible term symbols for Fe²⁺ = ⁵D₄, ⁵D₃, ⁵D₂, ⁵D₁, ⁵D₀
The ground state term for Fe³⁺ is ⁶S_5/2. The ground state term for Fe²⁺ is ⁵D₄.

V²⁺ has d³ electronic configuration and it is empowered in a weak field ligand.The term symbol is calculated by the formula-
^2s+1L_J
For d³, n = 3s = n/2 = 3/2
2s+1 = 4
L = 3 = F
J = (L+s) to (L-s) = 2, 1, 0
Possible term symbols = ⁴F_9/2, ⁴F_7/2, ⁴F_5/2, ⁴F_3/2
The ground state term for V²⁺ is ⁴F_^3/2.

In a weak field ligand system the electron filling of splitting of d-orbital is corresponds to Hund’s rule, followed by pairing occur. In strong field ligand system the electron filling of splitting of d-orbital is corresponds to pairing at initial stage.For Fe³⁺ electronic configuration is d⁵.
For d⁵ in weak field ligand system,
CFSE = 3 (-4) + 2 (6) = -12 + 12 = 0Dq
(All electrons is unpaired, 3 in t2g and 2 in eg)
For d⁵ in strong field ligand system,
CFSE = 5 (-4) + 0 = -20Dq + 2P
(two paired electrons and one electron is unpaired in t_2g and 0 electron in _eg orbital)
Hence, the CFSE for octahedral complexes of Fe³⁺ in a weak field and strong field ligand systems are 0 and -20 Dq+2P respectively.

(pi-C₅H₅)₂Ti has zero number of unpaired electrons and possesses diamagnetic nature.

(pi-C₅H₅)₂Ni and (pi-C₅H₅)₂V both have paramagnetic nature with 2 unpaired electrons respectively.(pi-C₅H₅)₂Cr has two unpaired electrons and has paramagnetic nature.
Hence, these are identical in the number of unpaired electrons.

The ground state terms for d¹, d², d³ and d⁴ electronic configurations are ²D_3/2, ³F₂, ⁴F_3/2 and ⁵D₀ respectively. Hence, the representation of codes P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4 is the correct answer.

On the basis of ligand field theory, the spectrochemical series is an empirically-derived list of ligands ordered by the size of the splitting CFSE that they produce. It can be seen that the low-field ligands are all pi-donors, the high field ligands are pi-acceptors, and ligands such as H₂O and NH₃, which are are in the middle.
The spectrochemical series is give as:
I⁻ < Br⁻ < S²⁻ < SCN⁻ < Cl⁻ < NO₃⁻ < N₃⁻ < F⁻ < OH⁻ < C₂O₄²⁻ < H₂O < NCS⁻ < CH₃CN < py (pyridine) < NH₃ < en (ethylenediamine) < bipy (2,2'-bipyridine) < phen (1,10-phenanthroline) < NO₂⁻ < PPh₃ < CN⁻ < CO.
Hence, S^2-, SCN^- and NO₃^- all are weak field ligands.

[FeF₆]^3- and [Mn(H₂O)₆]³⁺ both have sp³d² hybridisation, and hence  are outer orbital or high spin complexes.

(PPh₃)₃RhCl is Wilkinson’s catalyst and catalyzes the hydrogenation of alkenes, Rh(CO)₂I₂ is Monsanto catalyst and is an important process for the manufacture of acetic acid, PdCl₄ is Wacker catalyst. The Wacker process originally referred to the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde by oxygen in water in the presence of a tetrachloropalladate catalyst. Al(C₂H₅)₃/ TiCl₄ is Ziegler-Natta catalyst. It is as a catalyst in the synthesis of polymers of alpha-alkenes. Hence, the correct answer using the codes is A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3.

The substances which are capable of withstanding very high temperatures without melting or becoming soft are called refractory materials like- SiC (carborundum), Al₂O_3, SiO₂, etc.  Blast furnace is used or the smelting of iron, copper and lead ores. Calamine (ZnCO₃) and zincite (ZnO) are the ore of zinc.

The coordination complexes [Mn(H₂O)₆]²⁺, [(Ph₄As)₂Mn(NO₃)₄], [Mn(EDTA)(H₂O)]^2- and [Mn(S₂C₆H₃Me)₂]^- have the coordination numbers of 6, 8, 7 and 4 respectively. Hence, the representation of the codes P-5, Q-2, R-1, S-4 is the correct answer.