DPSPs & Fundamental Duties

The Indian Constitution originally had 10 Fundamental Duties under Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment (1976). Later, the 86th Amendment (2002) added an 11th duty regarding education of children aged 6-14. Therefore, there are currently 11 Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution, making Option C correct.

The Directive Principles are non-justiciable, which means that we can not go to the court if these rights are infringed or violated. But, the DPSPs are fundamental in governance as they are the aims that the government needs to achieve.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) include 'equal pay for equal work' (Article 39(d)) and various participation rights. However, 'free and compulsory education up to the age of eighteen' is NOT a DPSP provision. Originally, Article 45 under DPSP provided for free education up to age 14. Later, Article 21A made education a Fundamental Right for ages 6-14 (not 18). Therefore, Option C is correct because this specific provision is NOT accurately stated in the DPSP.

The Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens were incorporated into the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, which was enacted during the Emergency period in 1976. They were added as a new Part IVA under Article 51A. Therefore, Option D (1976) is the correct answer.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) in the Indian Constitution were borrowed from the Irish Constitution. The framers were inspired by Ireland's approach to incorporating social and economic guidelines into the constitutional framework. Ireland itself had borrowed this concept from the Spanish Constitution of 1931. Therefore, Option C is correct.

Correct answer is (3). 

The Constitution of India does not obligate any citizen to perform Fundamental Duties. A citizen is morally obligated, not constitutionally obligated.

The Directive Principles of State Policy aim at establishing social and economic democracy through multiple welfare measures. They include provisions for free and compulsory education for children (Article 45), equal pay for equal work for men and women (Article 39(d)), and equitable distribution of wealth/resources (Article 39(b)(c)). Since all the options (A, B, C) are valid DPSP objectives, Option D 'All of the above' is the correct answer.

While Fundamental Rights protect individual liberties, Fundamental Duties prescribe citizen obligations, and the Preamble sets out ideals, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) contain the most effective and comprehensive provisions for socio-economic justice. DPSP explicitly outline the state's responsibility in establishing social and economic democracy, including wealth distribution, equal pay, worker welfare, and equitable resource allocation. Thus, Option C is correct.

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced through courts or law. Option C incorrectly claims they can be enforced through law, which makes it the correct answer to the question asking for the INCORRECT statement. Options A, B, and D correctly describe DPSP characteristics - they aim for welfare, guide all governments, and are fundamental guidelines.

According to Article 44, the state shall endeavour to secure a uniform civil code for all citizens.

The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, upon the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee that was constituted by the government earlier that year. Originally ten in number, the Fundamental Duties were increased to eleven by the 86th Amendment in 2002, which added a duty on every parent or guardian to ensure that their child or ward was provided opportunities for education between the ages of six and fourteen years. 

Correct Answer: Articles 36 to 51

Part IV (Art. 36 to 51) of Indian Constitution deals with Directive Principles of our State Policy (DPSP).

  Option (1) is the correct answer.

The significant distinction between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles is that while the former are judicially enforceable, the latter are not so enforceable.