Local Self Government

Correct answer is (2). 

No doubt, Lord Rippon is known as the “father of local self government”, but it was Lord Mayo's Resolution (for decentralisation of power to bring about administrative efficiency in meeting people's demand and to add to the finances of colonial regime) that gave the needed impetus to the development of local institutions. It was a landmark in the evolution of colonial policy towards local government.

A Sarpanch is elected by the members of Gram Panchayat from among themselves.

The main source of income of the Gram Panchayat is the property tax levied on the buildings and open spaces within the village. Other sources of income include professional tax, taxes on pilgrimage, animal trade, grant received from the state government in proportion of land revenue and the grants received from the Zila Parishad.
Tax on agricultural land is imposed by the state government and the revenue thus obtained forms a part of the state treasury.

In India's three-tier Panchayati Raj system, the Gram Panchayat operates at the village level, the Panchayat Samiti (also called Block Samiti or Janpad Panchayat) operates at the block level, and the Zilla Parishad operates at the district level. The Panchayat Samiti is the intermediate level that connects village panchayats to the district council.

While all the listed problems are significant for a town, scarcity of drinking water is a basic survival need that must take highest priority. Without adequate drinking water, public health and life itself are directly threatened, making it more urgent than traffic issues, drainage problems, or infrastructure gaps. Access to potable water is a fundamental human right and necessity.

The Constitutional (73^rd Amendment) Act, passed in 1992 by the Narasimha Rao government, came into force on April 24, 1993. It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to establish "democracy at the grassroots level as it is at the state level or national level".

The Gram Panchayat can be established for a village having a population of more than 750. The villages having lesser population are placed under Group Gram Panchayat.

Correct answer is (4). 
The 73rd Amendment 1992 added a new Part IX to the constitution titled “The Panchayats” covering provisions from Article 243 to 243(O); and a new Eleventh Schedule covering 29 subjects within the functions of the Panchayats. 

Lord Ripon, Viceroy of India from 1880-1884, is famously known as the 'Father of Local Self-Government in India' for his landmark Resolution of 1882 that established the framework for local self-government institutions. The Ripon Resolution recommended elected local bodies and laid the foundation for democratic decentralization in India.

In 1957, Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was formed to study the Community Development Projects and to recommend the measures for enhancing the output of these projects. In its report, the committee proposed many recommendations among which the one was for an early establishment of elected local bodies and devolution of necessary resources, power and authority to them.
The K. Santhanam Committee was established in 1963.

The Panchayati Raj was first introduced in the state of Rajasthan.

Local bodies are restricted only to the related/confined areas (e.g. panchayati Raj Institutions).

Gram Panchayat is only the elected body.

<span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">The case for local self-government rests on the premise that <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa=""> <span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times" new="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa="">it is a training ground for democracy. In 1935 Phoebe Cusden wrote “ The greatest contribution of the nursery school is that it is a training ground for democratic citizens - citizens who will have learned not what to think - but how to think . . . (The) exercise in self-reliance, unselfishness and willing co-operation, which are also features of the nursery school, will go far towards producing the kind of citizen so vitally necessary if democracy is to be capable of the tasks that devolve upon it - or even to survive.