Physiology and Biochemistry

Cytochrome plays the role of electron carrier in the both processes- respiration and photosynthesis. It is found either as monomeric proteins or greater enzymatic complexes’ subunits which catalyze redox reaction.  

The right sequence in which such products emerge from ribulose bisphosphate in the photorespiration pathway, is Glycolate, glyoxylate, glycine, serine.

On exposure to a shock or automated blow the leaflets of Mimosa pudica plant close upwards and its lower portion of petiole contracts—this movement is called Seismonasty, which is the nastic response of plants or fungus to touch.  

The level of critical toxicity due to mineral nutrients means decrease in plant tissues’ dry weight by 10%.

Thylakoid membrane is the actual site for Photochemical is the photosynthesis’s primary reaction which occurs in chloroplast. It is done by a series of electron carriers with phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. Thylakoid membrane is the membrane-bound region inside the chloroplast and Cyanobacteria.

Bacteriochlorophyll; no O₂ evolution; light absorption at greater wavelength than 700nm is appropriate to the bacterial photosynthesis.

In C₃ plants when O₂ concentration is more than that of  CO_2, glycolic acid would be produced_. RuBisCO is involved in 1^st major steps of carbon fixation,  in which CO₂ is transformed into energy-rich molecules like glucose by plants.

C4 plants possess 2 individual cells- mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells. Difference between C4  and CAM plants is CAM plants have only one cell and  they open their stomata during night and close during day. Fixation of CO₂ in the C₄ plants is isolated by space where in CAM plants it isisolated by time.

At the time of senescence of the plant the plant shows serial senescence of leaves. In such condition or process the plants degeneration takes place with the age. 

Mitchell or chemiosmotic hypothesis coupling in phosphorylation is tested in light of experimental data on oxidative phosphorylation. It predicts production of ATP as the protons flow along slop across the inner mitochondrial membrane 

SD plant will remain productive and LD plant will flower. Short day plants produce flowers only when the length of day is less than 12 hours long day plants bloom when they get light more than 12 hours. 

Growth movements are extremely slow and may be observed only via time-lapse photography. Varying growth of cells in various parts of affected organ causes growth movements.

The inhibition of growth in one species of plants by chemicals produced by another species. 

Rise in turgor pressure in guard cells of hollowed stomata is not associated with the enduring closure of stomata found on photosynthesizing plants organs in few desert plants.

Here d, b, c, a is the right sequence of such intermediate compounds as they produce in C₄ –dicarboxylic acid pathway- Oxaloacetic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, Phosphoenol pyruvate following the PEP-carboxylation reaction.

Pseudomonas minimizes nitrate to gaseous nitrate, which is actually denitrification and is a microorganism facilitated method of nitrate reduction that finally produce molecular nitrogen (N₂) via sequence of intermediate gaseous nitrogen oxide products. 

These are Lectin and polysaccharides. Lectin has been filtered from seeds of 4 legumes & lectin covalently attach to Agarose. Lipopolysaccharide is isolated from the 4 rhizobial symbionts of legumes. 4 Lipopolysaccharide are passed through 4 lectin columns.

Gibberellin is the alternative plant hormone for low temperature treatment. In variety of plants seed germination is controlled differently by abscisc acid and gibberellins. 

Polar transport of auxin in the segments of stem includes the movement of auxin from morphological apex towards the base.

A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 5 Glycine max (Soyabean) is short day plant. Lycopersicon esculentum is green fruited day neutral plant. Hyoscyamus niger is short day-long day plant. Cestrum nocturnum is long day-short day plant typically known for its small yellow flowers.