Rumblings of the Pre-Gandhian Era

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 and initially attracted lawyers, teachers, journalists, and other educated professionals. This middle class leadership dominated the early moderate phase of the Congress, focusing on constitutional reforms within the British system. Peasants, workers, and landlords became more prominent in later movements.

Aga Khan III Sultan Muhammed Shah was one of the founders and the first president of All India Muslim league.

The capital of British India was shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 during Lord Hardinge II's viceroyalty. This was announced by King George V at the Delhi Durbar to better consolidate British authority and move away from Bengal-centric administration. Delhi had historical significance as the seat of earlier empires.

Nizam Ali Khan (Asaf Jah II) was the ruler of Hyderabad when Lord Wellesley signed the first Subsidiary Alliance treaty in 1798. This alliance system made Hyderabad dependent on British protection while allowing the Nizam to maintain nominal sovereignty. The treaty established a pattern for other princely states.

Satyendra Prasanna Sinha was the first Indian to become the Advocate-General of Bengal (1905), also the first Indian to enter the Governor General's Executive Council (1909) which for so long had been the preserve of Englishmen.

Correct Answer: A - 3, B - 2, C - 1, D - 4

Correct answer is (3). 

The Sadharan Brahmo Samaj was started with three distinguished men as its leaders on 15th May 1878. These three were Ananda Mohan Bose, Shibchandra Deb and Umesh Chandra Datta. These three were initiated into the Brahmo Samaj of India by Keshub Chandra Sen

On 22nd June 1897 there were celebrations at the Government House in Ganesh Khind on account of the Queen's diamond jubilee. As Rand's carriage came out of the Government House at midnight, Damodar jumped on the back seat and fired his gun at Rand at point-blank range. The officer collapsed immediately, as also Lt. Ayerst who was in the carriage in front and whom Damodar's brother Balkrishna fired upon.

Equality before the law is a fundamental concept of our legal system.

All judicial officers take an oath to administer the law without fear, favour, affection or ill will. Judicial officers must treat all parties fairly regardless of gender, ethnicity, disability, sexuality, age, religious affiliation, socio-economic background, size or nature of family, literacy level or any other such characteristic. Respect and courtesy should be the hallmarks of judicial conduct. Paternalistic or patronising attitudes have no place in the court room.

Correct Answer: Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru

The Cooperative Credit Societies Act was passed in 1904 during Lord Curzon's viceroyalty. This legislation provided the legal framework for cooperative movements in rural areas, helping farmers access credit without exploitative moneylenders. It marked a significant step in rural institutional development.

Behramji Malabari founded the Seva Sadan in Bombay.

The Bengali weekly published by Raja Mohan Roy was Sambad Kaumudi.

Peshwa Baji Rao II was the first among the Maratha leaders to sign a Subsidiary Alliance Treaty with the British.