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Chemical Solutions and Colligative Properties

Questions covering colligative properties, vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure, concentration terms (molarity, molality, normality), ideal solutions, Raoult's law, and gas solubility in aqueous solutions.

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Questions

Question 1 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following statements are correct?

  1. Non-volatile solutes decrease the boiling point of a solvent.
  2. A non-volatile solute lowers the freezing point of a solvent.
  3. 1 M sugar and 1 M urea aqueous solutions have the same effect on colligative properties.
  4. Osmosis is the movement of solvent through a permeable membrane from dilute to more concentrated solution.
  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 1 and 4
  4. 2 and 3
  5. 3 and 4
Question 2 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

At what Temperature will 0.25 molal NaCl(aq) boil?

Kb = 0.51oC kg mol-1

  1. 97.48oC
  2. 97.74oC
  3. 100.00oC
  4. 100.26oC
  5. 100.52oC
Question 3 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

A solution of urea in water has a vapour pressure of 266.3 torr. The vapour pressure of pure water is 355.1 torr. Calculate the mole fraction of urea in the solution.

  1. 0.25
  2. 0.50
  3. 0.75
  4. 1.0
  5. 1.25
Question 4 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following gases is the most soluble in water?

  1. Ammonia
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. Methane
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Oxygen
Question 5 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Consider the following solutions:

  1. 0.10 m BaCl2 (aq)
  2. 0.12 m K2SO4(aq)
  3. 0.12 m KBr(aq)

Arrange the above solutions in increasing order of their boiling points.

  1. 1 < 2 < 3
  2. 1 < 3 < 2
  3. 2 < 1 < 3
  4. 3 < 1 < 2
  5. 3 < 2 < 1
Question 6 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous 45.0% ethylene glycol mixture. For water, Kf = 1.86oC kg mol-1.

  1. - 1.86oC
  2. + 1.86oC
  3. 0oC
  4. + 24.7oC
  5. - 24.7oC
Question 7 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

What amount of KOH (in g) is required for making 120 mL of a 0.10 M solution of potassium hydroxide in water?

  1. 56.1 g
  2. 0.012 g
  3. 0.67 g
  4. 1.34 g
  5. 2.68 g
Question 8 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Calculate the vapour pressure of a 65 percent (W/W) solution of ordinary cane sugar (C22O11H22, MW = 342 g mol−1) in water. The vapour pressure of pure water at the same temperature is 26.0 torr.

  1. 16.9 torr
  2. 26.0 torr
  3. 23.7 torr
  4. 34.2 torr
  5. 52.0 torr
Question 9 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following statements is/are correct about molarity?

  1. Molarity is the number of moles of solute per litre of the solution.
  2. Molarity is better than molality concentration term.
  3. Molality is better than molarity concentration term.
  1. 1 and 3
  2. Only 2
  3. 1, 2 and 3
  4. 1 and 2
  5. 2 and 3
Question 10 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Calculate the molarity of a 75% (w/w) solution of ethanol (C2H5OH) in water whose density is 0.8937 g mL−1?

  1. 7.3 mol L-1
  2. 14.6 mol L-1
  3. 21.9 mol L-1
  4. 29.2 mol L-1
  5. 36.5 mol L-1
Question 11 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following is a characteristic of ideal solution?

  1. ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0
  2. ΔmixH > 0, ΔmixV = 0
  3. ΔmixH < 0, ΔmixV = 0
  4. ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV < 0
  5. ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV > 0
Question 12 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Calculate the freezing point of depression of an antifreeze mixture made up by combining one volume of ethylene glycol (MW = 62, density 1.11 g cm−3) with three volumes of water.

  1. 1.86 K
  2. 3.72 K
  3. 8.1 K
  4. 16.2 K
  5. 32.4 K
Question 13 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following mixtures will show negative deviation from Raoult’s law?

  1. Acetone and formaldehyde
  2. Acetone and ethyl alcohol
  3. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde
  4. Methane and acetaldehyde
  5. Methane and ethyl alcohol
Question 14 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest boiling point?

  1. 2.0 M KOH
  2. 2.0 M NaOH
  3. 2.0 M K2SO4
  4. 2.0 M KBr
  5. 2.0 M NaNO3
Question 15 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Colligative properties depend on

  1. nature of solute particles
  2. nature of solvent particles
  3. number of solute particles
  1. Only 1
  2. Only 2
  3. Only 3
  4. 1 and 2
  5. 1, 2 and 3
Question 16 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following relations is correct if vapour pressure of pure solvent is P0 and vapour pressure of solution is P?

  1. P0 < P
  2. P0 > P
  3. P0 = 2P
  4. P0/P = 0
  5. P0/P = 1
Question 17 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Which of the following are colligative properties?

  1. Solubility
  2. Depression in freezing point
  3. Elevation in boiling point
  4. Osmotic pressure
  5. Vapour pressure
  1. 1, 3 and 5
  2. 2, 3 and 4
  3. 2, 3, 4 and 5
  4. 2, 4 and 5
  5. 3, 4 and 5
Question 18 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the following and choose the correct answer
Salt ideal Van’t Hoff factor
A. K2SO4 i. 2
B. Al2(SO4)3 ii. 3
C. NaCl iii. 5
  1. A - i, B - ii, C - iii
  2. A - ii, B - iii, C - i
  3. A - i, B - iii, C - ii
  4. A - ii, B - i, C - iii
  5. A - iii, B - ii, C - i
Question 19 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

Match the entries
Term Definition
A. Molality 1. The number of equivalent weights of solute per litre of solution
B. Molarity 2. The number of moles of solute per litre of solvent
C. Normality 3. The number of moles of solute per kg of solvent
  1. A – 1; B – 2; C – 3
  2. A – 1; B – 3; C – 2
  3. A – 2; B – 1; C – 3
  4. A – 3; B – 2; C – 1
  5. A – 2; B – 3; C – 1
Question 20 Multiple Choice (Single Answer)

A box contains one gram hydrogen gas, four grams helium gas, seven grams nitrogen gas and eight grams of oxygen gas. Which of the gas will have high partial pressure?

  1. Hydrogen gas
  2. Oxygen gas
  3. Helium gas
  4. Nitrogen gas
  5. All of them exerts equal pressure.
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