Swaraj & Civil Disobedience Movement

There were 7 members including its Chairman Sir John Simon.

Correct answer

The British action was seen as a violation of the principle of self-determination and a deliberate insult to the self-respect of the Indians. At its Madras session in 1927, presided over by Dr. M. A. Ansari, the National Congress decided to boycott the Commission at every stage and in every form.

The Swaraj Party was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after Gaya Annual Conference in December 1922.

The Civil Disobedience Movement gained significant traction in many princely states including Hyderabad, Travancore, and Rajkot, but Rampur remained largely untouched by this popular movement. Option B correctly identifies the exception.

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) led by Gandhi included swadeshi (reviving hand-spinning and weaving), boycott of foreign goods, and refusal to cooperate with the British government. However, it did NOT advocate deliberate violation of laws - that approach came later with the Civil Disobedience Movement. The movement was strictly non-violent and focused on withdrawal of cooperation, not breaking laws. Since the question asks what the movement 'did not envisage', option B is correct because the movement indeed did not include deliberate law violation.

The first Civil Disobedience Movement was started by Gandhiji after the Rowlatt Act of 1919.

The Nehru Report (1928) drafted by a committee led by Motilal Nehru advocated: I) Dominion status for India (not complete independence initially), II) Universal adult suffrage, III) Secularism - dissociation of state from religion, and IV) No reserved seats for any group (rejecting separate electorates). It did not advocate complete independence (Purna Swaraj) which younger leaders like Nehru and Subhas Bose wanted. The report included I, II, and III, making option B correct.

The superintendent of police, James A. Scott, ordered the police to lathi (baton) charge the protesters and personally assaulted Rai.

Annie Besant became the first woman President of the Indian National Congress in 1917. She was a British theosophist who actively supported India's freedom struggle and home rule movement. Sarojini Naidu became President much later (1925), Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit even later, and Indira Gandhi was not even born in 1917. Annie Besant's presidency marked an important milestone in women's participation in the national movement.