Vacuoles and Acrosomes (AIPVT)

In protists, vacuoles have the additional function of storing food which has been absorbed by the organism.

Gas vacuoles, which are freely permeable to gas are present in some species of Cyanobacteria. They allow the bacteria to control their buoyancy.

The modified vacuoles in germinating seeds are called protein bodies. It stores proteins needed for germination.

In garlic, alliin and the enzyme alliinase are normally separated, but they form allicin if the vacuole is broken.

Thioploca is a genus of filamentous sulfur bacteria, which contain large vacuoles. The cytosol is extremely reduced in this genera and the vacuole can occupy between 40–98% of the cell. The vacuole contains high concentration of nitrate ions.

Vacuoles are larger in size as compared to vesicles.

A prominent central vacuole is found in plant cells. It occupies 80-90% of cell volume. The main role of the central vacuole is to maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall.

Vitamin E, i.e. alpha tocopherol accounts for a high antioxidant activity of the membrane (tonoplast).

Acrosome is derived from Golgi apparatus.

The largest organelle of a plant cell is vacuole. It covers 80-90% of the volume of a plant cell.

Syn-propanethial-S-oxide is formed by the action of lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS) on 1-propensulfenic acid and produces tears in eyes.

The hyaluronidase enzyme dissolves the intercellular matrix between the cumulus cells.

Globozoospermia is caused when golgi apparatus is not transformed into acrosome, which is needed for fertilisation; sperms are with round heads.

Tonoplast is the membrane of vacuole. It is the cytoplasmic membrane surrounding a vacuole, separating the vacuolar contents from the cell's cytoplasm.

When protons are transported from the cytosol to the vacuole, it stabilises cytoplasmic pH and makes the vacuolar interior more acidic.