Communication Technology

GSAT-10 is an Indian communication satellite which was launched by Ariane-5ECA carrier rocket in 2012. GSAT-10 augments telecommunication, direct-to-home and radio navigation services. It is ISRO's 101^st space mission.

The Department of Posts introduced Project Arrow in 2008 to transform the existing India Post infrastructure across the country. The project aims to revitalise the organisation, capitalising on its strengths and recognising and dealing with the weak areas of the department through a sustained, sincere and honest team effort. The Project Arrow experience is a working model for ushering in an integrated and lasting improvement in the postal system and awarded with "Prime Ministers' award for Excellence in Public Administration for 2008-2009” in 2010.

INSAT or the Indian National Satellite System is a series of multipurpose Geo-stationary satellites launched by ISRO to satisfy the telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan.

The National Frequency Allocation Plan (NFAP) forms the basis for development and manufacturing of wireless equipment and spectrum utilization in the country. Frequency bands allocated to various types of radio services in India are as follows –

Ku-band is primarily used for satellite communications, most notably for fixed and broadcast services, and for specific applications such as NASA's Tracking Data Relay Satellite used for both space shuttle and ISS communications.

A low Earth orbit (LEO) is generally defined as an orbit below an altitude of approximately 2000 kilometres (1200 mi). The Iridium satellite constellation is a large group of satellites providing voice and data coverage to satellite phones, pagers and integrated transceivers over Earth's entire surface. The constellation consists of 66 active satellites in orbit and additional spare satellites to serve in case of failure. Satellites are in low Earth orbit at a height of approximately 485 mi (781 km).

In telecommunications, a point-to-point connection refers to a communications connection between two nodes or endpoints. An example of this is a telephone call, in which one telephone is connected with one other, and what is said by one caller can only be heard by the other. Microwaves are widely used for point-to-point communications because their small wavelength allows conveniently-sized antennas to direct them in narrow beams, which can be pointed directly at the receiving antenna.

The first FM broadcasting in India was in the year 1977 in Chennai. In the mid-nineties, when India first experimented with private FM broadcasts, the small tourist destination of Goa was the fifth place in this country of one billion, where private players got FM slots. The first four centres were the big metro cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. 

1. Nokia is a Finnish multinational communications and information technology corporation headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland.

2. Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul.
3. Motorola is an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois.
4. HTC is a Taiwanese manufacturer of smartphones and tablets.

An access network is that part of a telecommunications network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. It is contrasted with the core network, (for example the Network Switching Subsystem in GSM) which connects local providers to each other. Point 'a' and 'c' are functions of a core network.

GSAT-10 is an Indian communication satellite which was launched by Ariane-5ECA carrier rocket in 2012. Its payload includes -

Terahertz radiations begin at a wavelength of one millimetre and proceed into shorter wavelengths.

UC allows an individual to send a message on one medium and receive the same communication on another medium.

Digital subscriber line is a family of technologies that provide internet access by transmitting digital data over the wires of a local telephone network.

Optical fibres typically include a transparent core surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a lower index of refraction. Light is kept in the core by total internal reflection. This causes the fibre to act as a waveguide.