Nutrition

Salivary amylase helps to break down starch.

Amino acids are obtained by the break down of proteins.
Glycerol is obtained by the break down of fats.

Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols.

Fats are broken down during digestion into glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol is the backbone of fat molecules. Proteins digest into amino acids, and carbohydrates like starch break down into simple sugars like glucose or fructose.

Amino acids are the molecular building blocks that link together to form proteins through peptide bonds. When we eat protein-rich foods, our bodies break them down into amino acids for absorption and use. Carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins are important nutrients but do not contain amino acids.

Excess of vitamin K is stored in liver.

The chemical name of vitamin B12 is Cyanocobalamin.

Rickets is a disease which is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin D. In this disease, the bones become soft.

Sugar, fructose, is somewhat sweeter, being rated at 1.7 times the sweetness of sucrose.

Option (4) is the correct answer.

Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition caused specifically by protein deficiency, characterized by edema, liver enlargement, and skin/hair changes. It typically occurs when children are weaned from protein-rich breast milk to protein-poor diets. Eczema is inflammatory, night blindness is Vitamin A deficiency, and marasmus (not listed) is calorie deficiency.

Vitamin A is known as “anti-infective” because it has protective action on the epithelial tissue of the body.

Needed for digestion and nervous system to work well
Needed for growth of bones in the young

Groundnut (peanut) is among the highest oil-producing crops, yielding approximately 40-50% oil by weight. Sunflower and mustard also produce significant oil but less than groundnut. India is a major groundnut producer, and its oil is widely used in cooking and food processing globally.

Vitamin B1 is thiamine, essential for carbohydrate metabolism and nerve function. Riboflavin is B2, cyanocobalamin is B12, and pyridoxine is B6. Thiamine deficiency causes beriberi, and the vitamin is found in whole grains, legumes, and pork.

Only cattles can digest cellulose with the help of gut protozoa.

Yes, this is the correct answer. Microbes growth is stopped on extreme cooling and hence food can be preserved.

Mustard oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil and nut oil are sources of fats.

As these are water soluble vitamins, they are easily lost from the surfaces of fruits and vegetables when these are excessively washed.

Correct answer is (4).