Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbial Cells

Bacterial capsule is a well organized bacterial glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the bacterial cell wall.
F (conjugation, sex) pili are involved in the transfer of plasmids from one bacteria to the other.
Fimbriae are short pili found in large numbers and used to attach bacteria to surfaces.

Myxospores are spheres in Myxococcus. In all, except Myxococcus myxospores are rods.

Myxobacteria and Cytophagales are called gliding bacteria on the basis of their gliding mobility on solid surfaces.

Mitochondria are not found in prokaryotic cells. Site for oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotic cells is cell membrane.
Cytoplasmic ribosome size of prokaryotic cells is 70S. Ribosomal subunits are 50S and 30S.

Mitochondria, Golgi complex, Lysosomes: All the three are not found in prokaryotes.

Both are true statements.
A gram-positive bacterium is stained purple by the gram stain.
Bacterial flagella propel the cell by using a rotating motion.

Chloroplasts are double membrane bounded organelles.
Unlike the mitochondria, the electron transport and energy production of chloroplast is located in the thylakoids instead of the inner membrane.

Peritrichous bacteria have flagella projecting in all directions (e.g., Escherichia coli).
Lophotrichous bacteria have multiple flagella located at the same spot on the bacteria's surfaces ( e.g., Helicobacter pylori).
Amphitrichous bacteria have a single flagellum on each of two opposite ends (e.g., Rhodospirillum rubrum).
Monotrichous bacteria have a single flagellum (e.g., Vibrio cholerae).

Cystobacter, Melittangium, Polyangium: All are fruiting myxobacteria.

Giardia lamblia - Flagella
Trypanosoma cruzi – Flagella
Leishmania donovani – Flagella

Endoplasmic reticulum a system of membrane-enclosed channels which extends throughout the cytoplasm of the cell and interconnects with the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope.
Endoplasmic reticulum has several functions. Such as:

1. It divides the cytoplasm up into interconnected compartments.
2. Serves as routes for the transport of materials from one part of the cell to another.
3. Plays an important role in the synthesis of proteins and some lipids.
4. Responsible for generating new layers for Golgi bodies.
5. Expanded regions of the endoplasmic reticulum may serve as storage areas.

Mesosomes greatly increase the membrane surface of the cell.
Mesosomes are site of localization of respiratory enzymes and play important role in aerobic cellular respiration.
Mesosome plays an important role in DNA replication, distribution and cell division.

Ureaplasma exhibits respiratory metabolism.

Fimbriae are used for attachment to surfaces for colonization while pili are used to transfer genetic material during sexual reproduction of bacteria.

In molecular biology and genetics, guanine-cytosine content (GC-content) is the percentage of nitrogenous bases on a DNA molecule that are either guanine or cytosine. DNA with high GC-content is more stable than DNA with low GC-content.
Among given microbes Spirillum linum have least G+C moles % (28-30).

Mesosomes are present in cytoplasm of gram-positive bacteria.
Gram-positive bacteria produces exotoxins.

Mycoplasma – Pleomorphic
Acholeplasma - Pleomorphic

Amoeba belongs to class Sarcodina.
Astasia belongs to class Mastigophora.
Vorticella belongs to class Ciliophora.
Leishmania belongs to class Sporozoa.

Prions – Acellular structural organization; No protective coat around protein.
Viroids – Acellular structural organization; No protective coat around nucleic acid.

Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis and function to generate metabolic energy.
The Golgi complex is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.
Lysosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles containing digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles and engulfed bacteria or viruses.
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that split hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.