Atmosphere, Climate & Weather

Lapse rate is the rate of change in temperature with increase in altitude.

Frost is the weather condition that occurs when the air temperature is at or below 0^o.

Equinox occurs when the Sun is vertically above the Equator.

Sirocco is the hot wind in Sahara Desert.

Insolation is the radiant energy that reaches the surface of the earth from the sun.

 Humid microthermal climate. Based on the type of forests growing in the region, this type of climate is also known as ‘taiga’. The summer temperature is higher than 100 C, but the temperature in the winter season goes below the freezing point.

Earth's revolution around the sun, combined with its 23.5° axial tilt, causes seasonal changes throughout the year. Different parts of Earth receive varying amounts of sunlight intensity as it orbits, creating the four seasons. Days and nights are caused by Earth's rotation on its axis, not its revolution around the sun.

The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapour and aerosols.

 The stratosphere is layered in temperature because ozone (O₃) absorbs high energy UVB and UVC energy waves from the sun and are broken down into atomic oxygen (O₁D) and diatomic oxygen (O₂) at wavelengths below 1180 nm.