System Software

Lexical analyzer reads the source program one character at a time, carving the source program into a sequence of atomic units called tokens.

Code generation phase converts the intermediate code into a sequence of machine instruction.

Syntax analyzer phase imposes on a token a tree like structure called as parse tree.

Macro is a unit of specification for program generation through expansion. 

Loader is a computer program that transfers data from offline memory into internal storage.

Static linking is used to combine multiple functions into a single executable module.

Linked Origin is the address of the origin assigned by the linker while producing a machine language program.

Relocation occurs when a linker combines object files and when a loader copies an executable file into memory in preparation for execution.

Symbol table is a data structure which is used by the compiler to keep track of scope and binding information about names.

Relocation is a process of replacing symbolic references or names of libraries with actual address in memory before running a program.

Long term scheduler decides which jobs or processes are to be admitted to the ready queue.

Program counter indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process.

Init refers to the period when the process occupies space in the process table and has resources allocated to it but is not yet ready to run.

Static memory allocation refers to the process of allocating memory at compile-time before the associated program is executed.

Striped volume allows better performance because disk read and write are balanced across multiple disks.

These keys allow users to slow down the rate at which keys ar repeated via. the keyboards 'keyrepeat feature'.

Dynamic memory allocation corresponds to memory allocated via malloc() or operator new[ ].

Runnable is the state of a process that is ready to run but is not actually running because some other process is on the CPU.

Spanned volume is the dynamic disk volume in which multiple disks span upto 32 disks and if one disk fails, all data in the volume is lost.

Windows 2000 give the serial keys that have ability to support speech augmentation device.

A critical section is a part of program that accesses a shared resource that must not be concurrently accessed by more than one process of execution.

Sequential access mode read or write the next record or next n bytes of the file.

Livelock is a situation in which two or more processes continuously change their states in response to changes in the other process without doing any useful work.

A race condition occurs when multiple processes or threads read and write data items so that the final result depends on the order of execution of instruction in the multiple processes.
 

Mutual exclusion is a way of making sure that if one process is using a shared modifiable data, the other processes will be excluded from doing the same thing.

A deadlock is a situation in which two computer programs sharing the same resource are effectively preventing each other from accessing the resource resulting in both programs ceasing to function.

A semaphore is a mechanism that prevents two or more processes from accessing a shared resource simultaneously.