Research Methodology

Phenomenology was originaly used in philosophy to understand phenomenon. Thus, its roots are considered to be in philosophy.

Inductive reasoning is more open specially in the begining and proceeds from specific observation to broader generalisation. Thus, this approach is also called 'bottom-up' approach.

The term Triangulation is used for a study that uses mutiple appraoches to a research question in an attempt to double check the results obtained by one method.

A structured interview schedule includes closed ended questions, which can not be modified and has no scope for eliciting information other than the one in the set questions. This type of interview schedule helps in collecting quick information from the respondents.

This type of qualitative research is aimed at learning and understanding cultural phenomena which reflect the knowledge and system of meanings guiding the life of a cultural group. Thus, this is the right option.

As the internal validity depends on degree of accuracy in statistical procedures or connection of variables with independent variables, so the change in each of these aspects can result into lack of internal validity.

Purposive sampling is the one in which the researcher chooses the sample on the basis of subject being appropriate for the study. This is used primarily when there is a limited number of people who have expertise in the area being researched. Thus, this is the most appropriate choice.

Type 2 error is opposite of the type 1 error in the sense that, it occurs when the researcher does not reject the null hypothesis, when it should have been rejected or when the researcher accepts a false null hypothesis. It may be considered as a false negative result. Thus, this is the correct answer

Since qualitative researches have small sample sizes, it is easy to identify them from the research report and thus, maintaining anonymity in qualitative researches may be difficult

This is the correct option as these three measures describe the data.

This is the correct option because it focuses on the individuals' interpretation of their experiences and the ways in which they express themselves.

It is longitudinal design because it examines the phenomenon at more than one point in time i.e. at the age of 4 years, 6 years and 8 years.

Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances. Thus, the sample group appears to grow like a rolling snowball. This is also called chain referral sampling.

There is no such test used for testing the reliability of a research tool.

Null hypothesis is another name for statistical hypothesis which implies that there is no relationship between the two variables under study.

Independent variable is also known as the cause or causal variable and dependent variable is also known as effect variable.

Since blood pressure is dependent on salt restricted diet in this study, this will be considered as the dependent variable. Thus, this is the correct option.

Phenomenology is qualitative research approach used for understanding the experiences of people who have experienced a particular phenomenon. Thus, this is a primary research report.

Research process should progress in a systematic way so that appropriate solution to the raised query can be generated. Steps listed in this option are the most appropriately arranged in the order in which they should be conducted.

A factorial design is a special type of design in which the effect of more than one indipendent variable is observed on a single dependent variable.

This software is considered highly efficient in analysing quantitative data. Due to ease in handling, this tool is used very frequently.

This term is used in randomised controll trials to mean that decision regarding allocation of a research participant is unknown before he is entered into the study. This strategy is used to avoid bias in the research study.

This is the correct expantion of CAQDAS

p value indicates the chances of rejecting a null hypothsis when it should have been accepted. Thus, a 'p'  value less than 0.05 indicates that there are less than 5% chances of making type 1 error.

Coding is the process of giving symbols as codes to the data for the purpose of analysis.