The Narmada River valley has the highest number of dams in India, including major projects like Sardar Sarovar, Indira Sagar, and Omkareshwar. The Narmada Valley Development Project planned 30 major and 135 medium dams. While Krishna, Godavari, and Ganga also have dams, the Narmada basin has the highest concentration due to intensive post-independence development.