The use of mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics.

Vector graphics use mathematical equations and geometric primitives (points, lines, curves) to represent images, allowing them to be scaled infinitely without quality loss. Raster graphics (option A) use pixel grids, 'Scalar graphics' (option B) is not a standard graphics term, and 'Bitmap Architecture' (option D) refers to raster image storage, not mathematical image representation. The key advantage of vector graphics is that they remain sharp at any size because they're defined by formulas rather than fixed pixels.