Emperor Ashoka (304-232 BCE) belonged to the Maurya Dynasty, founded by Chandragupta Maurya. Ashoka was the grandson of Chandragupta and son of Bindusara, ruling over one of ancient India's largest empires. After the brutal Kalinga War, he converted to Buddhism and became known for promoting peace, tolerance, and dhamma. The Harsha, Chalukya, and Yadava dynasties ruled in different periods - Harsha in the 7th century, Chalukyas in the Deccan, and Yadavas in the 12th-13th centuries, all after the Mauryan era.