The Karla Caves are a complex of ancient Buddhist rock-cut shrines located in Karli near Lonavala, Maharashtra. Developed between the 2nd century BCE and the 5th century CE, they feature the largest Hinayana Buddhist chaitya (prayer hall) in India. Other states like Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh have famous Buddhist sites like Sanchi and Sarnath, but not the Karla Caves.