Multiple choice

The Egyptian political leader, Muhammad Ali, is best known for

  1. revitalization of Islamic fundamentalists

  2. defeat of the British navy to prevent Greece independence

  3. unsuccessful effort to modernize Egypt economy like the West

  4. defeating Napoleon's invasion of Egypt
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C Correct answer
Explanation

Muhammad Ali, the Ottoman governor of Egypt, launched an ambitious state-directed program to modernize Egypt's military, administration, and economy along Western lines. Despite initial successes, his industrialization efforts ultimately fell short due to financial strain and European diplomatic and military intervention. This left Egypt economically dependent on agricultural exports rather than becoming a fully industrialized power.

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