Indian classical music uses a 7-tone scale (Sapta Swara) with 5 semitones between them, totaling 12 semitones in an octave. The 7 main tones are Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni, with semitones (Komal and Tivr variants) filling the gaps, creating a 12-tone system similar to Western chromatic scales.