Which of the options can replace the word ‘adversely’ as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions.

In the past 10, 000 years, biological diversity has entered a new era. Human activity has adversely affected diversity; the rate of human-induced extinctions is accelerating. The careless introduction of the Nile perch has threatened hundreds of fish species native to Lake Victoria. Decimated forests and excessive hunting have eliminated half of the bird species of Polynesia. The list of comparable disasters is substantial.

The history of global diversity, summarily explained, initiated after the incipient proliferation of multi-cellular animals. This gave rise to an increase in the species. The human species emerged at this seemingly optimal time of extreme biological diversity. Yet as human populations swell, they transform their environments, reducing biological diversity to its lowest level.