Multiple choice

Directions: The following questions consist of two statements, one labelled the 'Assertion A' and the other labelled 'Reason R'. You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually true and if so, whether the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion. Select your answers of these items from the codes given below and mark your answer sheets accordingly.

Assertion (A): Downward as well as upward messages received by middle level officials are often distorted before they are passed on. Reason (R): Whenever such an official receives a message which he considers incoherent, illogical or incomplete he tries to make sense'' out of it.

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

  2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

  3. A is true but R is false

  4. A is false but R is true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Middle-level officials often filter or interpret information, which leads to distortion. When they receive unclear messages, they attempt to interpret them based on their own understanding, which is a primary cause of such distortion.

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