Directions: Read the passage/argument and answer the question that follows it.

Give people power and discretion, and whether they are grand viziers or border guards, some will use their position to enrich themselves. The problem can be big enough to hold back a development of country. One study has shown that bribes account for 8% of the total cost of running a business in Uganda, while another one found that corruption boosted the price of hospital supplies in Buenos Aires by 15%.

Which of the following could be the most valid inference from the above paragraph?

Option (3) is ruled out as the passage does not even hint at checking corruption. The tag of universal given to corruption in option (1) cannot be justified with two examples because the passage fails to either quote or hint at its geographical spread. These are isolated examples of what corruption can do to different aspects of human activity. Option (4) is again unjustified because the very first line mentions the word some, which means there are other people having power and discretion and who are still not corrupt. Option (5) does not summarize the basic point being made here i.e. corruption is unavoidable when people have power and discretion. This is aptly done by option (2).