Which of the following statements most approximates the stand taken by the Duke of Argyll?

Directions: Read the following passage and answer the question.
The Duke of Argyll says, “Science, in the modern doctrine of conservation of energy and the convertibility of forces, is already getting a firm hold of the idea that all kinds of force are but forms of manifestations of one central force issuing from some one fountain-head of power. Sir John Herschel has not hesitated to say, ‘that it is but reasonable to regard the force of gravitation as the direct or indirect result of a consciousness or will existing somewhere.’ And even if we cannot certainly identify force in all its forms with the direct energies of the one Omnipresent and All-pervading Will, it is at least in the highest degree unphilosophical to assert the contrary — to think or to speak, as if the forces of nature were either independent of, or even separate from the Creator's power.” The Duke, however, in the general tenor of his book, does not differ from the common doctrine, except in one point. He does not deny the efficiency of physical causes, or resolve them all into the efficiency of God; but he teaches that God, in this world at least, never acts except through those causes. He applies this doctrine even to miracles, which he regards as effects produced by second causes of which we are ignorant, that is, by some higher law of nature.